The inflationary model describes a brief era of incredibly rapid expansion that relates quantum fluctuations in the energy of the early universe; to the formation of clumps of gas that eventually led to galaxies.
Maybe this is similar to how our Universe came into being in the first place, as a quantum fluctuation in some other Universe, budding off from there to create everything we know.
But the cosmic web had its origins but in the earliest moments of the big bang, where quantum fluctuations in space-time itself led to tiny little density differences.
The two branes, which form the walls of the fifth dimension, could have popped out of nothingness as a quantum fluctuation in the even more distant past and then drifted apart.
Dr Parisi was awarded his share for discoveries around the " interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales" .