So there's five main buffers in the blood and in the kidney filtrate that the body can use to buffer hydrogen ions.

所以血和肾脏滤中有五个主要的缓冲剂，身体可以用来缓冲氢离子。

So in the final steps, after the filtrate leaves the DCT, it enters the collecting duct, which runs back into the medulla.

所以在最后一步，滤离开 DCT 后，进收集管，收集管又回到髓质。

Ultimately the filtrate is turned into urine and is excreted from the kidney through the ureter, into the bladder, and peed away.

最终滤变成尿，通过输尿管从肾脏排，进膀胱，再尿。

As the filtrate leaves the Bowman's capsule it flows into the renal tubule, which is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries.

滤离开肾小囊后肾小管，后者被管周毛细血管网包围。

Sometimes fluid or electrolytes can move back from the filtrate into the blood - called reabsorption, and sometimes more fluid or electrolytes can move from the blood to the fitrate - called secretion.

有时体或电质能从滤回到血中，被称为重吸收；有时更多体或电质从血滤，称之为分泌。

This is possible because of special protein channels in their membranes called aquaporins that are on both the apical, or filtrate-facing side, and the basal, or capillary-facing side of the cells.

这是可能的，因为它们的膜中称为水通道蛋白的特殊蛋白质通道位于细胞的顶端或面向滤的一侧，以及基底或面向毛细血管的一侧。

Blood gets into the kidney through the renal artery, into tiny clumps of arterioles called glomeruli where it's initially filtered, with the filtrate, the stuff filtered out, moving into the renal tubule.

血通过肾动脉肾脏，一旦肾，便进一小团小动脉，即肾小球，开始过滤；滤过滤来，进肾小管。

But here's a problem: Your kidneys can only handle so much filtrate at a time, so they have to maintain a constant rate of flow inside of them.

你的肾脏一次只能处理这么多滤，所以它们必须保持体内恒定的速。

These cells also are covered in microvilli that increase their surface area and help re-absorb much of the good stuff from the filtrate and back into the blood.

这些细胞也被微绒毛覆盖，增加了它们的表面积，有助于从滤中重新吸收大部分有益物质并回到血中。

But in the parts of the nephron that reabsorb water, like the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water has to move easily through cells, from the filtrate to the blood.

但是在肾单位重新吸收水的部分，比如亨利袢的下降部分，水必须很容易地通过细胞，从滤到血。

They use it to ramp up the concentration gradient earlier in the process, making the medulla even saltier for the filtrate that's back there going through the ascending limb.

在这个过程的早期，他们用它来提高浓度梯度，使髓质对穿过上升肢体的滤更咸。

The remaining filtrate passes from the PCT into the loop of Henle, which starts in the cortex, then dips into the medulla before coming back into the cortex.

剩余的滤从 PCT 进 亨利氏袢，从皮层开始，然后浸髓质，然后返回皮层。

Now that filtrate will eventually move into the ureter.

现在滤最终会进输尿管。

Plus, if all that garbage isn't buried right, rainwater can mix with the garbage causing a gooey substance called leachate to form.

此外， 如果垃圾没有正确填埋，雨水会与垃圾混合， 形成一种称为渗滤的黏糊状物质。

As we move out of the loop of Henle, into the distal convoluted tubule, and on to the collecting duct, the remaining filtrate is now officially urine.

当我们离开亨利氏袢，进远端卷曲的小管，到达收集管时，剩余的滤现在正式成为尿。

Since most of this water is picked up by the blood pretty quickly, the saltiness of the interstitial space doesn't get diluted. So it can keep drawing water out of the next batch of filtrate in the descending limb.

由于大部分水很快被血吸收，间质空间的咸味不会被稀释。所以它可以继续从下降肢体的下一批滤中抽水。

Unless we find ways to stop it, leachate can sink into the drinking water we get from the ground.

除非我们找到方法阻止，否则渗滤可能会渗透到我们从地下获取的饮用水中。

This reabsorption process allows water to pass from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulatory system.

这种再吸收过程使水从肾小球滤进循环系统。

The glomerular filtrate is not the same consistency as urine, as much of it is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron.

肾小球滤与尿的浓度不同，当滤通过肾小管时，大部分被重新吸收到血中。

So it moves into the filtrate.

所以它进滤。