Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor.

含有石灰质的水滴落石床形成石笋。

We vaccinate against polio, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, measles.

我们接种疫预防脊髓灰质炎， 白喉，破伤风，百日咳，麻疹。

The Salk polio vaccine is a success. The vaccine works.

索尔克脊髓灰质炎疫取得了成功。疫用了。

The number of known cases dropped from 350,000 to just 33 in 2018.

2018年，脊髓灰质炎的确诊病例数从35万人下降至33人。

2018 only two countries Pakistan and Afghanistan reported cases of the wild polio virus.

二零一八年，只有巴基斯坦和阿汗报告了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。

Polio virus is very unforgiving in these communities, you know.

脊髓灰质炎病毒在这些社区是非常无情的，你知道。

Yet despite the dangers, many workers persist in their efforts to end polio.

然而，尽管存在这些危险，许多工人员仍坚持不懈地努力消灭脊髓灰质炎。

The goal is to end transmission of the wild polio virus.

目标是结束野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播。

Wastewater has long been used to look for signs of the polio virus.

长期以来，废水一直被用来寻找脊髓灰质炎病毒的迹象。

Common vaccines are the polio vaccine and the small pox vaccine.

常见的疫有脊髓灰质炎疫和天花疫。

First, there's a reduction in gray matter.

第一，大脑灰质的减少。

Yet just 10 years later, paralytic polio cases in the US dropped by 96%.

然而仅仅 10 年后，美国的麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例就下降了 96%。

And we know that gray matter is more responsible for people's math skills.

我们知道，灰质主要负责人们的数学技能。

Unlike smallpox and polio, however, there is no vaccine against HIV.

但和天花以及脊髓灰质炎不同的是，没有对抗HIV的疫。

To eradicate polio, more than 95 percent of a population needs to be vaccinated.

要根除脊髓灰质炎，超过95%的人口需要接种疫。

James Amule got polio when he was two years old.

詹姆斯·阿穆尔在两岁的时候患了脊髓灰质炎。

It is similar to how polio vaccines are made.

这与脊髓灰质炎疫的制造方法相似。

At 60 she is the oldest polio worker in the city.

60岁的她是该市年龄最大的脊髓灰质炎工者。

A mutated strain of poliovirus has been reported in more than 30 countries.

还有30多个国家都出现了一种脊髓灰质炎病毒变异株。

For example, it has been used in the worldwide fight against polio.

举例来说，污水法被用于全球脊髓灰质炎的防治工。