Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor.

含有石水滴落石床形成石笋。

We vaccinate against polio, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, measles.

我们接种疫苗预防脊炎， 白喉，破伤风，百日咳，麻疹。

The number of known cases dropped from 350,000 to just 33 in 2018.

2018年，脊炎确诊病例数从35万人下降至33人。

The goal is to end transmission of the wild polio virus.

目标是结束野生脊炎病毒传播。

Polio virus is very unforgiving in these communities, you know.

脊炎病毒在这些社区是非常无情，你知道。

Wastewater has long been used to look for signs of the polio virus.

长期以来，废水一直被用来寻找脊炎病毒迹象。

Common vaccines are the polio vaccine and the small pox vaccine.

常见疫苗有脊炎疫苗和天花疫苗。

First, there's a reduction in gray matter.

第一，大脑减少。

Today, the fight against polio is at a critical moment.

今天，防治脊炎斗争正处于关键时刻。

And we know that gray matter is more responsible for people's math skills.

我们知道，主要负责人们数学技能。

I'm pretty sure we wouldn't have undertaken polio without that example.

我很确定，如果没有这个例子，我们就不会感染脊炎。

Unlike smallpox and polio, however, there is no vaccine against HIV.

但和天花以及脊炎不同是，没有对抗HIV疫苗。

Polio can be prevented by vaccines, but it is not curable once someone is infected.

可通过注射疫苗对脊炎进行预防，但是患者一旦染病，就无法治愈。

To eradicate polio, more than 95 percent of a population needs to be vaccinated.

要根除脊炎，超过95%人口需要接种疫苗。

Salk took the lessons from that success, and he set his sights on polio.

索尔克从那次成功中吸取了经验，他把目光投向了脊炎。

James Amule got polio when he was two years old.

詹姆斯·阿穆尔在两岁时候患了脊炎。

It is similar to how polio vaccines are made.

这与脊炎疫苗制造方法相似。

At 60 she is the oldest polio worker in the city.

60岁她是该市年龄最大脊炎工作者。

A mutated strain of poliovirus has been reported in more than 30 countries.

还有30多个国家都出现了一种脊炎病毒变异株。

For example, it has been used in the worldwide fight against polio.

举例来说，污水法被用于全球脊炎防治工作。