But when he came to the bottom he saw firelight. It was the light of a furnace.

但当他来到底部，却看到了火光。那炼炉发出的光亮。

At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river.

那个时候，本地工匠在村后河的转弯处首先建了一个炼炉。

Virginia began iron working in the year that saw the introduction of slavery.

弗吉尼亚在奴隶制出现的那一年开始炼。

At the steelworks near the German city of Salzgitter, ironmaking is a dramatic affair.

在德国萨尔茨吉特市附近的炼钢厂，炼一项惊心动魄的工作。

The steel mills and ironworks, the distinctive smokestacks rising above the shoreline.

钢厂和炼厂，那些标志性的烟囱高耸于海岸线上。

But, so, iron smelting at 800 BC, what does it mean?

但，公元前800年的炼技术意味着什么？

Almost equally widespread was the art of iron working—one of the earliest and most picturesque of colonial industries.

——几乎同样普遍的炼工艺——最早也最美丽的殖民工业之一。

In the past, carbon was mainly used as fuel and reducing agent in iron - making.

过去，碳主要用作炼的燃料和还原剂。

For a long time, one of the earliest African iron smelting sites was Tarugo, which was a NOC site.

很长一段时间以来，最早的一处非洲炼遗址塔鲁，一个诺克文化的遗址。

But the making of iron is a sacred process.

但炼一个神圣的过程。

Well, we've talked about everything from live - streaming to iron - making, from elderly care to overseas business.

嗯，我们已讨论了从直播到炼，从老年护理到海外业务的所有内容。

That's where the furnace is and where all the metal was smelted and the tools were cast, as you'll be able to see.

炼炉就在里，所有的金属在熔炼，工具也在铸造，后面你可以看到。

Back in 2016, a Swedish steel company, Europe's  largest iron ore producer and an energy producer all came together to create HYBRIT, or  Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology.

早在 2016 年，一家瑞典钢公司、欧洲最大的矿石生产商和一家能源生产商就联合起来创建了 HYBRIT，即氢突破炼技术。

Since then, we know that there are definite areas of older iron smelting, particularly in Senegal, perhaps in Rwanda, areas where you're pushing perhaps above 800 BC.

从那时起， 我们知道有一些更早的炼区域，特别在塞内加尔， 也许在卢旺达，些地区的年代可能超过公元前800年。

Instead of a traditional gate Beamish Museum  welcomes you with a striking piece of industrial history, " Tiny Tim" a massive steam hammer  donated by the English Steel Corporation once used to shape metal at their Consett iron  works.

比米什博物馆没有采用传统的入口大门，而以一件引人注目的工业史展品“小蒂姆蒸汽锤”迎接游客。台巨大的蒸汽锤由英国钢公司捐赠，曾用于其康塞特炼厂的金属成型工作。

In other works a much greater fixed capital is required. In a great iron-work, for example, the furnace for melting the ore, the forge, the slit-mill, are instruments of trade which cannot be erected without a very great expense.

在其他工程中，需要更多的固定资本。例如，在一个大的炼厂中，熔化矿石的熔炉、锻炉、切磨机都贸易工具，如果不花费很大的费用就无法建造。

And the idea is in terms of the Steps of technology, you need to understand how to smelt copper or to make bronze before you can go to iron, because iron making is more tricky than those other things.

在技术发展的步骤方面，你需要先了解如何冶炼铜或制作青铜， 才能过渡到器制造，因为炼比些其他技术要复杂得多。