If they've got a double bond, we call them alkenes, and those with triple bonds are alkynes.

含有双键，我称为烯烃，而含有三键则称为炔烃。

It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

是聚合烯烃， 但子本身是烷烃。

All the other naming rules apply to alkenes and alkynes too.

所有其他命名规则也适用于烯烃和炔烃。

Now, the bonds in alkenes have a few tricks up their sleeves.

现在，烯烃中化学键有一些特殊技巧。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

可以是烷烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见炔烃。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这只有一个字母在变化：烷烃中A变成了烯烃中E，然后再变成炔烃中Y。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可以转化为烷烃，而炔烃则可以根据添加原子数量变成烯烃或烷烃。

Cycloalkenes also start at three carbons and get increasingly stable as more are added, though their double bonds make their molecules plainer instead of tetrahedral.

环烯烃也从三个碳原子开始， 并且随着添加更多碳原子而变得越来越稳定，尽管双键使子更简单而不是四面体。

That would create one of the world's biggest makers of polyolefin plastics, which would be listed and owned in equal parts by OMV and ADNOC.

这将创建世界上最大聚烯烃塑料生产商之一，该生产商将由OMV和阿布扎比国家石油公司以同等比例持股并上市。

Well we know that they're unsaturated alkenes because saturated fats don't have double bonds, and thus, can't have cis- and trans- isomers.

我知道是不饱和烯烃， 因为饱和脂肪没有双键，因此不会有顺式和反式异构体。

You also learned a little bit about cis-trans isomerism and learned a few important reactions of alkenes and alkynes such as hydrogenation, halogenation, and polymerization.

你还了解了一点关于顺反异构体知识，并学习了一些烯烃和炔烃重要反应，氢化、卤化和聚合。

Then, a little chemistry knocked the acid off, creating what was clearly an alkene, so they named it benzene, because it was an alkene that was from the benzoin resin.

然后，用一点化学方法将酸解， 产生明显是烯烃物质， 因此他将其命名为苯，因为是一种来自安息香树脂烯烃。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三种不同有机化合物组：烷烃表示全单键，烯烃表示含有双键，炔烃表示含有一个或多个三键。

That may not sound like a big deal at first, but alkenes and alkynes don't have that kind of freedom, and that simple fact has a huge affect on their properties.

这乍一听可能不算什么大不了事，但烯烃和炔烃就没有这种自由度， 这个简单事实对其性质产生了巨大影响。

Just to note to avoid confusion: polyethylene has that " -ene" sound in it, right, but it's not an alkene because all those double bonds get broken to form new sigma bonds.

请注意以避免混淆：聚乙烯中有“-ene” 发音，对吧，但不是烯烃，因为所有这些双键都会断裂形成新 sigma 键。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

你注意听了，你应该知道带有双键碳氢化合物称为烯烃， 带有三键称为炔烃， 而且命名规则与烷烃相同。