And this part of your tooth is super sensitive.

髓这分非常敏感。

But the cavity doesn't really start to hurt until it gets through the dentin to the soft pulp. That'swhen you get a toothache.

但是，要等到酸性物质通过本质，开始腐蚀髓了才会对造成本质的伤害。这个时候开始疼起来了。

These tubules are important for sensory nerves as well, which use them to travel through the dentin from the pulp to the dentin-enamel junction.

本质中的小管对感觉神经很重要，因为感觉神经可以通过它们从髓到达本釉质交界处。

Usually, they only trigger pain when the tooth's inner pulp and its nerves are already inflamed.

通常情况下，它们只在的内髓及其神经已经发炎的情况下才引发疼痛。

There's an outer layer of hard enamel, an inner layer of pulp, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and a layer of dentinin between.

外层是坚硬的釉质，内层是含有血管和神经的髓，中间还有一层本质。

So in order to protect the delicate pulp inside of your teeth, you have take really good care of the outside.

所以，为了保内脆弱的髓，你必须好好保外层。

From there, they enter the soft center of the tooth, called the pulp, where they provide nutrition and sensation.

自此进入柔软的中心：髓，它可以提供营养，产生感觉。

Just below that tough outer layer, there's another layer called dentin that's not as hard. And below that, there's the inner layer of the tooth, called the pulp, which has blood vessels and nerves inside it.

在这层坚硬的外层下，还有另一层物质叫做本质，它没有釉质坚硬。本质下面是的内层，叫做髓，里面有血管和神经。

The outer wall of the pulp, contains odontoblasts which are cells that secrete a bonelike substance called dentin, which is filled with protein and minerals.

髓外层有成质细胞，它们可以分泌一种叫本质的骨样组织，其中充满了蛋白质和矿物质。

It contains microscopic, fluid-filled tubules that run from the pulp to the underside of the enamel.

它包含微小的、充满液体的小管，从髓一直到釉质下层。

And that flow stimulates the nerves in the pulp of your tooth, causing shooting pain.

而这种流动刺激了你的髓中的神经，导致射痛。

Eventually, the bacteria penetrate into the pulp, causing irritation and damage to the nerves.

最终细菌侵犯髓，对神经产生刺激或损害。

If destruction continues into the dentin layer, then the caries lesion enlarges towards the pulp.

本质层的损害继续蔓延，缺损会延伸到髓。

These kinds of toothaches are often infections in the pulp of the tooth.

这些类型的痛通常是髓感染。

It's provided him with the ability to treat all types of endodontic cases.

这使他具备了治疗所有类型髓病病例的能力。

And the pulp of your teeth can replenish proteins in the dentin, though not the enamel—so it's unclear whether these effects would cause permanent damage in real, living teeth.

髓可以补充本质中的蛋白质，但不能补充釉质——因此尚不清楚这些作用是否会对真正的活造成永久性损伤。

The same goes for dentine, which is the calcified tissue that lies underneath tooth enamel, protecting the dental pulp encased within.

同样，本质是如此，它是一种位于釉质下方、保着其中髓的钙化组织。

And it’s made up of three layers: the enamel, the dentin, and the pulp.

它由三层组成：釉质、本质和髓。

Appreciating its pivotal value for the tooth, it is of paramount significance to maintain the vitality and functionality of the dental pulp for tooth integrity, longevity, andhomeostasis.

欣赏它对的关键价值, 保持髓的活力和功能对于完整性, 长寿和体内平衡至关重要。

We call this pulpitis, although there are different strains of this.

我们称之为髓炎， 尽管它有不同的种类。