It all comes down to who owns and controls the factors of production.

这一切都归结于谁拥有和控制生要素。

According to Professor Mian, total factor productivity, which measures production output efficiency, was higher too.

米昂教授表示，衡量生出效率的全要素生率也高。

Karl Marx thought that much modern industrial work was essentially dehumanising, reducing people to factors of production.

卡尔.马克思认为现代的工业劳作使人沦为一种生要素，本质上是不人道的。

More efficient growth would require a lower input of capital (as well as energy and labour) per yuan of extra output.

有效的增长要求在生的边际增长中，资金，能源和人力等生要素的边际投入递减。

One is as a factor of production.

一个是作为生要素。

Competition and Monopoly Another essential element of capitalism is competition between producers.

竞争 资本主义的另一个基本要素是生者之间的竞争。

Total factor productivity has grown 10% in the second period, compared to 20% in the earlier period.

第二阶段全要素生率增长了10%，而前一阶段则增长了20%。

History suggests that trade policy responds to the relative scarcity or abundance of factors of production, like labour.

历史表明，贸易政策会对劳动力等生要素的相对稀缺或丰富做出反应。

Entrepreneurship is putting together all of the other factors of production so that you can actually produce things.

创业是把所有其他生要素放在一起，这样你就可以真正生东西。

Now, another important factor of production, and arguably they're all important, is the idea of labor.

现在， 另一个重要的生要素，可以说它们都很重要， 是劳动力的概念。

The result is that countries tend to export goods that use their abundant factor of production.

结果是，各国倾向于出口那些利用其丰富生要素的商品。

But production is not limited to the physical transformation of factors of production into consumer goods.

但生不仅限于将生要素转化为消费品。

It would seem to involve a quite distinct productive factor—capital instruments in the form of natural resources and industrial machinery.

它似乎涉及一种相当独特的生要素——自然资源和工业机械形式的资本工具。

In other words, acts of production do not merely physically transform the factors of production into products.

换句话说，生行为不仅仅是将生要素物理性地转化为品。

When people are talking about technology as a factor of production, they are really talking about entrepreneurship.

当人们谈论技术作为生要素时，他们实际上是在谈论创业。

Things are different when the government provides factors of production that earn negative returns and covers the deficit with taxpayer money.

当政府提供那些生负收益的生要素，并用纳税人的钱来弥补赤字时，情况就不同了。

They're talking about the know-how of putting together the other factors of production in order to produce that output.

他们谈论的是如何将其他生要素放在一起以生这种出的专有技术。

So, in some contexts, instead of land, some people might say natural resources for this first factor of production.

因此，在某些情况下，有些人可能会说自然资源是第一个生要素，而不是土地。

The fourth factor of production is entrepreneurship.

第四个生要素是企业家精神。

In essence, it established the parameters for classical economics, which focuses on the factors of production—capital, labor, and land—and their returns.

本质上，它为古典学确立了参数，古典学关注生要素——资本、劳动和土地及其回报。