Submerged macrophytes is key community in shallow lake ecosystem.It plays important role in water environmental quality and aquicolous ecosystem structure.
Benthos The organisms that live on the bottom sediments of freshwater and marine ecosystems. They include plants and algae (phytobenthos) that grow below low tide mark.
In this paper,the relation of heterotrophic bacteria to nitrogen and phosphorus in marine environment is studied by adding nitrogen and phosphorus to the seawater in mesocosm.
On the contrary, the double cropping rice followed by a cool-loving crop per year and the double cropping rice followed by a thermophilous crop per year are potential carbon sources.