But I am a Ph.D student in Biochemistry study at Harvard, I now know a better, less painful and less risky treatment existed. So, I can’t help but ask myself, why I did’t receive one at that time?

不过我现在是一个在哈佛学习化学的博士，我现在知道了一个更好的、不那么痛、危险系数更小的治疗方法。所以，我忍不住问我自己，为什么那个时候我不能接受更好的治疗吗？

William Gwata is an expert in his field of science - biochemistry.

威廉·格瓦塔是他所在的科学领域——化学方面的专家。

But biochemically speaking, proteins are a lot more than what's for dinner.

但化学的角度来讲，蛋白质远不止盘中餐这么简单。

We do mostly understand the biochemistry of how pain signals get sent to the brain.

我们确实大概了解疼痛信号是如何传递到大脑的化学。

There's all sorts of compelling statistics we could talk about, but the actual mechanisms that cause sugar to have such bad effects on the body paint a much clearer picture.

市面上有各种各样引人注目的统计数据我们可以拿来谈论，但是糖在体内的实际的造成身体损伤的化学机制，这最有。

But advances in biochemistry have made the process even more fine tuned.

但是化学的进步使得这个过程更加精细。

These are fats that have double bonds AND stack well...in fact, they stack even better than saturated fats AND our biochemical systems aren't designed to break them down AND they interact badly with cholesterol.

这些脂肪均有双链且易于堆积......事实上，它们比饱和脂肪更容易堆积。而我们的化学系统并不是专门为分解它们而设计的，而且它们与胆固醇不能相互作用。

But even if scientists do figure out a way to improve on biological chemistry, we can't instantly go upgrade every photosynthetic organism on Earth, including trees.

但是即使科学家们找到了改善化学的方法，我们也不能立即升级地球上的每一种光合，包括树木。

I was like, I'm starting to be a doctor, not starting to learn some random biochemistry pathways that are going to be completely meaningless.

我就想，我要成为一名医，而不是要学习一些随机的完全没有意义的化学路径。

The molecules are 1.6 billion years old and hint that eukaryotes were abundant and widespread much longer ago than earlier biochemical evidence had suggested.

这些分子有16亿年的历史，暗示着早在之前的化学证据所显示的时间之前，真核就已经广泛存在和繁殖了。

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry — that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先利用了化学的基本前提：细胞内发的一切都是化学反应。

A biochemistry paper has a different style guide than a nonfiction book about linguistics, and online articles have a bunch of different standards.

化学论文的风格指南与关于语言学的非小类书籍不同，网络文章也有一堆不同的标准。

As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle.

随着地球不断变化，污染通过集中形成化学反应；并成为化学循环的基本元素。

Such a staggering figure gives some idea of the swarming immensity of biochemical activity within us.

这是一个惊人的数字，我们中可以了解一点我们体内化学动的剧烈程度。”

Now, scientists aren't exactly sure about the biochemistry behind caffeine withdrawal.

现在，科学家们对咖啡因脱瘾背后的化学理论还无法完全确定。

Neither was formally trained in biochemistry.

他们两人都没有接受过正规的化学方面的训练。

Because of quirks of biochemistry we don't fully understand, nitrogen-14 tends to be excreted more than nitrogen-15.

由于我们并不完全了解的化学的特性，氮14比氮15更容易被排出体外。

My dad taught biochemistry for decades and was one of those beloved professors.

我爸爸教了数十年的化学，是一位深受爱戴的教授。

It is a powerful way of visualising human biochemistry.

这是可视化人体化学的有效方法。

Um, so you're literally changing other people's biochemical patterns based upon your habits.

因此，你实际上正通过自己的习惯改变他人的化学模式。