William Gwata is an expert in his field of science - biochemistry.

威廉·格瓦塔是他所在的科学领域——学方面的专家。

Now, scientists aren't exactly sure about the biochemistry behind caffeine withdrawal.

现在，科学家们对咖啡因脱瘾背后的学理论还无法完全确定。

But biochemically speaking, proteins are a lot more than what's for dinner.

但从学的角度来讲，蛋白质远不止盘中餐这么简单。

We do mostly understand the biochemistry of how pain signals get sent to the brain.

我们确实大概了解疼痛信号是如何传递到大脑的学。

But advances in biochemistry have made the process even more fine tuned.

但是学的进步使得这过程加精细。

Such a staggering figure gives some idea of the swarming immensity of biochemical activity within us.

这是一的数字，我们从中可以了解一点我们体内学活动的剧烈程度。”

Neither was formally trained in biochemistry.

他们两都没有接受过正规的学方面的训练。

Because of quirks of biochemistry we don't fully understand, nitrogen-14 tends to be excreted more than nitrogen-15.

由于我们并不完全了解的学的特性，氮14比氮15容易被排出体外。

As the Earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycle.

随着地球不断变，污染通过集中形成学反应；并成为学循环的基本元素。

My dad taught biochemistry for decades and was one of those beloved professors.

我爸爸教了数十年的学，是一位深受爱戴的教授。

It is a powerful way of visualising human biochemistry.

这是可视体学的有效方法。

Um, so you're literally changing other people's biochemical patterns based upon your habits.

因此，你实际上正通过自己的习惯改变他的学模式。

And that's what got me studying biochemistry.

那就是让我开始研究学的原因。

So, and those are separate biochemical systems to some degree.

所以，这些在一定程度上是独立的学系统。

Listen, Leonard, neither of us are neuroscientists, but we both understand the biochemistry of sex.

Leonard 我们都不是神经学家 但是都了解性的学原理。

There, it acts like a biochemical beacon, marking genetic modifications or revealing the path of critical molecules.

在那里， 它如同学的灯塔，标记基因修饰或揭示关键分子的路径。

Well, Melvin Calvin who invented not, but discovered the Calvin Cycle shows the process that happens next.

Melvin Calvin（梅尔文·卡尔文）， 虽然不是发明者，但他发现了卡尔文循环， 揭示了接下来发的学过程。

But is there something beyond mere equilibrium state biology and chemistry and biochemistry that drives what makes things work?

但是否有一些超越单纯平衡状态的学、学和学的东西在驱动着事运作的本质呢？

35.Nowadays when we want to determine the characteristics of something, we look at its biochemistry and its genetic material.

现在，当我们想去决定一些的特征的时候，我们会看它的学特征及基因组成。

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry — that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先利用了学的基本前提：细胞内发的一切都是学反应。