Ryan, these same technologies, synthetic biology and so forth, like in principle, they allow actual de-extinction, species that the planet hasn't seen for years, in principle, we could bring back.

瑞恩，这些相的技、生物学等等，好像原则上，它们能实现真正的复活，比如地球上多年未见的物种，原则上，我们可以让它们重现。

The book has some pretty counter intuitive arguments, like that risks from new technology, such as AI and synthetic biology, are at least as grave as those from climate change.

这本书有许多相当反直觉的论点，举个例子，人工智能与生物学这类新科技的风险和气候变化的风险一样严重。

Benjamin Nettersheim, a geobiologist at the University of Bremen in Germany, Jochen Brocks, a palaeobiogeochemist at the Australian National University in Canberra, and their colleagues decided to focus on short-lived molecules that modern eukaryotes make while synthesizing sterols.

德国不莱梅大学的地球生物学家本杰明·内特谢姆、澳大利亚国立大学堪培拉分校的古生物地球化学家约翰·布洛克斯及其事决定将重点放在现代真核生物类固醇时产生的短寿命分子上。

Finally, it needs iron to thrive and replicate, so it produces a siderophore, which is a term used for a group of small, high-affinity, iron chelating compounds that snatch iron from host cells.

最后，它需要人体内的铁元素来繁殖，所以它形一种“铁载体”；铁载体是指微生物并分泌的螯铁的、用于摄取铁元素的低分子量化物，他们可以与宿主细胞竞争铁元素。

Synthetic biology smacks to many of " playing God" : regulators will have a big say in how quickly the technology is adopted.

很多人会觉得生物学有种" 扮演上帝" 的色彩，监管机构对这一技的普及速度将有很大的话语权。

Synthetic biologists can program bacteria to sense those conditions, and by doing so, respond to tumors while avoiding healthy tissue.

生物学家们可以让细菌对这些条件敏感，因此使得细菌只对肿瘤反应，从而避开健康组织。

Jay Keasling is a synthetic biologist at U.C. Berkeley, who has previously programmed yeast to cheaply produce antimalarial drugs.

杰伊·基斯林是加州大学伯克利分校的生物学家，他曾为酵母编程，以廉价生产抗疟疾药物。

We're also using synthetic biology to design a candidate vaccine for COVID-19.

我们也在使用生物学设计 COVID-19 的备疫苗。

But the team's approach — using hypotheses about the evolution of biosynthetic pathways to guide the search for ancient life — could reveal more about early life, she adds.

但她补充说，该团队的方法——使用关于生物途径进化的假设来指导对古代生命的探索——可以揭示更多关于早期生命的信息。

This idea of programming bacteria to sense and respond in novel ways is a major focus of a field called Synthetic Biology.

此类通过基因编程细菌活细胞作为治疗手段的新颖方式是目前生物学中一个备受关注的领域。

There are challenges: ensuring the safety of these technologies, investing billions and billions of dollars to build the production facilities and supply chains for biofuels and synthetic fuels.

确保这些技的安全，投资数百亿美元，为生物燃料和燃料建立生产设施和供应链。

Over a century later, synthetic biologists have found an even better way to use these once unlikely allies — by programming them to safely deliver drugs directly to tumors.

一个世纪之后，生物学家发现了更好的治疗手段，他们利用了看似不可能的盟友——通过人为编程细菌的帮助，使药物安全并直接地送至肿瘤处。

Can you build your own synthetic biology, synthetic cyborgs?

你能做出你自己的生物，改造人吗？

In my lab, we're using the tools of artificial intelligence and synthetic biology to speed up the fight against this pandemic.

在我的实验室中，我们正在使用人工智能和生物学的工具，加快与这场疫情的战斗。

For instance, synthetic biology seeks to write biology as a design problem.

例如，生物学试图将生物学写一个设计问题。

I was filming for a documentary about microbes and synthetic biology.

普尔基斯：我当时正在为一部关于微生物和生物学的纪录片拍摄。

You do that with genetic engineering and synthetic biology.

你可以用基因工程和生物学来做到这一点。

Zymergen, another synthetic biology lighthouse, whenever they design a product, use a ruthless design-to-cost approach.

Zymergen，另一个生物学灯塔，每当他们设计产品时，都会使用无情的设计本方法。

Today, I'm the creative director at a synthetic biology company called Ginkgo Bioworks.

今天，我是生物学公司银杏生物工厂的创意总监。

And we're even looking at the tools for synthetic biology.

我们甚至正在研究生物学的工具。