Tobacco contains an alkaloid called nicotine.

烟草含有一种叫做尼古丁的生物碱。

This is the chemical formula for what alkaloid?

这是什么生物碱的化学式？

The bitter alkaloid that has this formula is caffeine.

这种苦味生物碱的配方是咖。

That's an alkaloid—so it's in the same class of molecules as caffeine and nicotine.

那是一种生物碱——与咖和尼古丁属于同一类分子。

Alkaloids have many functions and effects, but almost all a bitter in taste.

生物碱有许多功能和作用，但几乎所有的苦味。

Now, from a chemical perspective, caffeine can be described as both a methylxanthine and an alkaloid.

从化学角度来，咖可被描述为甲基黄嘌呤，也可被描述为生物碱。

A group of drugs known as the vinca alkaloids, commonly included in chemotherapy regimens, are derived from Madagascar periwinkle.

常在化疗方案的一种被称为长春花生物碱的药物，是从马达加斯加的长春花提取的。

The hopper's diet shifts to include plants with toxic alkaloids.

跳跃者的饮食转变为包括含有有毒生物碱的植物。

Indoline Alkaloids blocked the ability of the Ebola virus to replicate itself.

二氢吲哚生物碱阻止了埃博拉病毒自我复制的能力。

It's a mild natural stimulant, a type of alkaloid.

它是一种温和的天然兴奋剂，一种生物碱。

Think of the molecular target of a neurotoxic alkaloid as a lock, and the alkaloid itself as the key.

将神经毒性生物碱的分子靶标想象成一把锁，将生物碱本身想象成钥匙。

While alkaloids as a whole are a broader group of naturally occurring organic compounds, defined by having at least one nitrogen atom.

而生物碱作为一个整体是一个更广泛的自然存在的有机化合物组，定义为至少有一个氮原子。

The plants produce this alkaloid in order to protect them against insects and from other plants growing too close to them.

植物产生这种生物碱是为了保护它们免受昆虫和其他生长在它们附近的植物的侵害。

On top of this, alkaloids from the vine have been shown to induce apoptosis in mice melanoma cells and certain liver cancer cells in humans.

除此之外，卡皮木藤条的生物碱已被证实能促进小鼠黑素瘤细胞和人类的某些肝癌细胞凋亡。

Despite all the sweet tasting things that we tend to put into caffeinated beverages caffeine itself is a bitter, white, powdery alkaloid.

尽管我们倾向于在含咖的饮料加入所有甜味的东西，但咖本身是一种苦的、白色的粉状生物碱。

These tiny animals defend themselves using hundreds of bitter-tasting compounds called alkaloids that they accumulate from consuming small arthropods like mites and ants.

这些微小的动物使用数百种称为生物碱的苦味化合物来保护自己，这些化合物是通过食用螨虫和蚂蚁等小型节肢动物而积累的。

It's native to India and Southeast Asia, and its bark contains a poison called brucine, but the real lethality comes from the trees round green-to-orange fruit which contains the alkaloid strychnine.

马钱子原产印度与东南亚，它的树皮富含称为 Brucine 的有毒生物碱。但真正会死人的部分是马钱子-圆圆的，绿色橙色的果实含有有毒生物碱：马钱子碱。

One of their most potent alkaloids is the chemical epibatidine, which binds to the same receptors in the brain as nicotine but is at least ten times stronger.

他们最有效的生物碱之一是化学 epibatidine，它与大脑与尼古丁相同的受体结合，但至少强十倍。

Like caffeine, theobromine is a type of alkaloid, which is a huge class of molecules that generally contain rings with at least one nitrogen atom in them, and alkaloids often have physiological effects on humans and other animals.

和咖一样，可可碱属于生物碱的一种，生物碱是相当大的一类分子，一般来说它的环会包含至少一个氮原子，生物碱通常会使人类及其他动物产生生理作用。

For poison dart frogs and many other animals with neurotoxic defenses, a few genetic changes alter the structure of the alkaloid-binding site just enough to keep the neurotoxin from exerting its adverse effects.

对于箭毒蛙和许多其他具有神经毒素防御能力的动物来说，一些遗传变化改变了生物碱结合位点的结构，足阻止神经毒素发挥其不利影响。