Nonylphenols or phthalates aren't due to regular human activity?

壬基酚或邻苯盐不是来源于人类日常活动？

Studies have shown about 100% of Americans have phthalates in their body.

研究表面，所有美国人体内都含有邻苯盐。

Phthalates as a class are called anti-androgens.

邻苯盐作为一类被称为抗雄激素。

So typically, my understanding is-one rule of thumb is that harder, sturdier plastic is maybe shedding fewer phthalates than the very flexible ones, but they could be shedding other compounds of concern.

一般来说，我理解是，有个经验法则，更硬、更坚固塑料可能比非常柔韧塑料脱落邻苯盐更少，但它们可能会脱落其他让人担忧化合物。

What we know is that a group of substances, the phthalates represent a threat to our health.

我们道，一组物质，邻苯盐，能对我们健康构成威胁。

They include things you might have heard of, like phthalates, that have also been associated with lots of harmful health outcomes.

它们包括你可能听说过东西，比如邻苯盐，它也与许多有害健康后果有关。

Then we also have a few phthalates that exceed the limits set out by EU quality standards.

还有一些邻苯盐——也超出了欧盟质量标准限制。

Our use of plastics and microplastics is causing phthalates to enter into people's systems.

我们使用塑料和微塑料行为正导致邻苯盐进入人体系统。

And one of the things that's holding that fragrance in there is a type of chemical called a phthalate and phthalates have been found to be associated with adverse health outcomes.

其中一种含有这种香味物质是一种叫做邻苯盐化学物质，已发现邻苯盐与不良健康结果有关。

I don't store any foods in plastic because these contain phthalates and hormone disrupting things that are going to result in hormones being off low testosterone.

我不把食物存放在塑料容器中，因为这些容器含有邻苯盐和其他扰乱激素物质，会导致激素失衡，包括低睾酮水平。

Are there no phthalates, et cetera?

是否不含邻苯盐等其他有害物质？

Yeah, but then we're doing glyphosate, some other agrochemicals, and then maybe a few phthalates, bisphenols.

是，不过我们还在检测草甘膦、其他一些农药，以及可能还有少数邻苯盐和双酚类物质。

Dr. Shana Swan has done beautiful work showing that young animals and potentially humans who are exposed to phthalates from things like pesticides in particular, can actually have a fairly major disruption in what's called the anogenital distance, okay?

莎娜·斯旺博士出色研究表明，尤其是通过农药等途径接触到邻苯盐年轻动物及潜在人类，其所谓肛殖距实际上可能会受到相当大干扰，好吗？别笑。

So the point is that BPAs, BPSs and phthalates are not good for endocrine function and they are present in

因此，关键在于双酚A（BPAs）、双酚S（BPSs）和邻苯盐对内分泌功能不利，并且它们广泛存在于几乎所有塑料制品中，除非产品明确标注不含BPA或所有邻苯盐已被移除，否则它们还存在于除草剂等其他物质中。

Those phthalates are there of course, to make plastic more flexible and durable, but they are known endocrine disruptors.

这些邻苯盐当然存在是为了让塑料更柔韧和耐用，但它们是已内分泌干扰物。

The microplastics and nanoplastics can act as what are called vectors or carriers of things like BPAs, BPSs, phthalates, and forever chemicals, okay?

微塑料和纳米塑料可以充当所谓载体或媒介，携带诸如双酚A、双酚S、邻苯盐以及永久性化学物质等物质，明白了吗？

Well, these phthalates are things that are included in plastics that house liquids and foods that we eat or that we cook with.

这些邻苯盐，实际上是被包含在那些盛装液体和食物塑料制品中物质，这些食物可能是我们直接食用，或者是我们烹饪时使用。

So there's a study, I'll put a link to in the show note captions that's entitled urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with decreased serum testosterone.

因此，有一项研究，我将在节目注释中附上链接， 该研究题为《尿中邻苯盐代谢物与血清睾酮水平下降相关》。 这项研究针对是男性、女性及儿童血液样本。

And this is where we can start to get into a bit more detail about BPAs and BPSs and phthalates and some of their roles in disrupting endocrine, that is hormone pathways.

这正是我们可以更详细探讨双酚A（BPA）、双酚S（BPS）、邻苯盐及其在干扰内分泌（即激素途径）中作用地方。

Okay, we'll talk about BPS as well as phthalates, which are something that make plastic and other containers more durable and more flexible.

好， 我们将讨论BPS以及邻苯盐，后者是一种使塑料及其他容器更加耐用和柔韧物质。