Well, in line with his teleological account of justice, Aristotle argues that to know how political authority should be distributed we have, first, to inquire into the purpose, the point, the telos, of politics.

根据他公正论，亚里士多德认要了解政治权力应该如何分配，我们必须首先探究政治、要点以及宗旨。

And this is one of the main objections to Aristotle's teleological account of justice.

这就是对亚里士多德从论角度阐述公正主要反对意见之一。

Teleological, because he says to allocate rights we first have to figure out the purpose, or the end, of the social practice in question.

从论来，他认要想分配权力，首先要清楚讨论下社会实践有何标。

So they reject teleology, they reject the idea of tying justice to some conception of the good.

所以他们抛弃了论，他们拒绝把公正和美德某种定义联系在一起。

So, the argument about the distribution of offices and honors has this teleological character, but also an honorific dimension.

所以，关于官职和荣誉分配争论，既有其论特点，又同时事关荣誉。

In general it's hard to do without teleology when we're thinking about ethics, justice, and moral argument.

通常来，很难在不涉及论情况下，思考职业道德、公正和道德理论。

Remember, we were looking at Aristotle's theory of justice and one way of describing his approach to justice, we've called it 'teleological'.

记住，我们之前探讨了亚里士多德公正论，以及对他追求公正一种表述，我们称之论。

And so not only the question of debating the purpose, the teleological feature, but also from the standpoint of viewing debates about the purpose of golf. What's essential to golf?

所以我们所探讨不仅仅是，论特征，同时也是对高尔夫球运动意义探讨。高尔夫球核心是什么？

I see, there's more of a teleological understanding of the human.

我明白了，这里对人类有更多论理解。

We'd realized the teleological endpoint, and it was democracy.

我们意识到论终点，那就是民主。

Like the only two possible values he comes up with is like this kind of teleological meaning type value versus this kind of smaller but real value of the moment type value.

就像他想出来唯一两种价值观是这种论意义上价值与这种较小但真实当下价值。

And that, I think, is something that shocked people a lot and that did, I think, most of the job when it comes to discrediting the naive Enlightenment view of teleology.

我认，这正是让人们深感震惊一点， 而且我认，在驳斥启蒙运动中天真论观点方面， 它起到了至关重要作用。

Always latent in those conversations is sort of the teleological expectation that there is a theory of everything.

在这些对话中，总隐含着一种论期待，即认存在一个包罗万象理论。

How do you actually, like you can't make it teleological, well we need to set up trade networks.

你实际上怎么做呢？你不能让它变得论化，我们需要建立贸易网络。

You know, the critique of Obamaism, as you know better than most, was it was teleological, right?

你知道，对奥巴马主义批评，你比大多数人更清楚，是论，对吧？

Now, one of the things that makes it strange is that in Aristotle's world, in the ancient world, it wasn't only social practices that were governed, in Aristotle's view, by teleological reasoning and teleological explanation.

有个素会使其有些难以理解，亚里士多德认，在他时代，在古代，论证法和论掌控并不止社会实践一个。

I think that type of teleology means it's goal-directed.

我认这种论意味着它是有标导向。

But the very interesting thing about purpose is that once you do get to a idea-generating species or collective organism, yeah, then, you know, kind of all bets are off, and there is goals, there is teleology.

但关于有趣之处在于， 一旦你达到一个能够产生想法物种集体有机体，嗯， 那么就一切都变得不确定了，就有了标，就有了论。

That could mean the teleological argument and the design argument, or it could mean the straight cosmological argument, or it could mean something more like what sort of Aristotelian.

那可能指是论论证和设计论证，也可能是纯粹宇宙论论证，者更接近亚里士多德式某种论证。

Describing the objective character of a person's notion, Hegel says that it consists of mechanism, chemism, and teleology.

黑格尔在描述一个人概念客观特征时，它由机制、化学和论组成。