And this is one of the main objections to Aristotle's teleological account of justice.

这就是对亚里士多德从目角度阐主要反对意见之。

In general it's hard to do without teleology when we're thinking about ethics, justice, and moral argument.

通常来说，很难在不涉及目情况下，思考职业道德、和道德理。

So, the argument about the distribution of offices and honors has this teleological character, but also an honorific dimension.

所以，关于官职和荣誉分配争，既有其目特点，又同时事关荣誉。

As far as like teleological, I'm actually not sure about that.

至于目，我实际上不确定。

Finalism thus understood is only inverted mechanism.

这样理解目只是倒置机制。

Remember, we were looking at Aristotle's theory of justice and one way of describing his approach to justice, we've called it 'teleological'.

记住，我们之前探讨了亚里士多德，以及对他追求种表，我们称之为目。

So they reject teleology, they reject the idea of tying justice to some conception of the good.

所以他们抛弃了目，他们拒绝把和美德某种定义联系在起。

Describing the objective character of a person's notion, Hegel says that it consists of mechanism, chemism, and teleology.

黑格尔在描个人概念客观特征时说，它由机制、化学和目组成。

Teleological, because he says to allocate rights we first have to figure out the purpose, or the end, of the social practice in question.

从目来说，因为他认为要想分配权力，首先要弄清楚讨下社会实践有何目或目标。

Indeed, the " career" of reality, the teleological movement of history, represents the gradualand continuous unfolding of the Spirit, of the Idea of freedom.

事实上，现实“事业”，历史目运动，代表了精神和自由理念逐渐和持续展开。

And so not only the question of debating the purpose, the teleological feature, but also from the standpoint of viewing debates about the purpose of golf. What's essential to golf?

所以我们所探讨不仅仅是目，目特征，同时也是对高尔夫球运动意义探讨。高尔夫球核心是什么？

Well, in line with his teleological account of justice, Aristotle argues that to know how political authority should be distributed we have, first, to inquire into the purpose, the point, the telos, of politics.

根据他目，亚里士多德认为要了解政治权力应该如何分配，我们必须首先探究政治目、要点以及宗旨。

Now, one of the things that makes it strange is that in Aristotle's world, in the ancient world, it wasn't only social practices that were governed, in Aristotle's view, by teleological reasoning and teleological explanation.

有个因素会使其有些难以理解，亚里士多德认为，在他时代，在古代，目证法和目掌控并不止社会实践个。

The older kind of teleology, therefore, which regarded the End as a fixed goal, already partially visible, towards which we were gradually approaching, is rejected by M. Bergson as not allowing enough for the absolute dominion of change.

因此，旧目认为终结是个固定目标， 已经部分可见， 我们在逐渐接近它， 被柏格森先生拒绝， 因为它没有足够绝对统治权来改变。

13-4-6Proofs of God's Existence With this critical estimate of the capacities and scope of human reason, it was inevitable that Kant would reject the traditional proofs for the existence of God, namely, the ontological, cosmological, and teleological proofs.

13-4-6上帝存在证据 凭借对人类理性能力和范围这种批判性估计，康德不可避免地会拒绝上帝存在传统证明，即本体、宇宙和目证明。