Without treatment, tetanus has an extremely low rate of survival.

未经治疗的破伤风存活概率极低。

This process releases several toxins, including deadly tetanus toxin.

这一过程会释放出多种毒素，其中便包括致命的破伤风毒素。

Some people may associate rusty objects with tetanus, an infection caused by the Clostridium tetani bacterium.

有些人可能将锈的物体与破伤风一起，这是一种由破伤风梭菌引起的感染。

Tragically, his older sister Francesca died at 12 years old from a tetanus infection that had gone untreated.

不幸的是，他的姐姐弗朗西丝卡 12 岁时死于未经治疗的破伤风感染。

There's also neonatal tetanus, which happens to newborns of mothers that have not been immunized against tetanus themselves.

还有新儿破伤风，见于没有接种过破伤风疫苗的母亲诞下的新儿。

Tetanus is usually treated with tetanus immune globulin or TIG, which is an antitoxin that binds to circulating tetanospasmin.

破伤风可使用破伤风免疫球蛋白（TIG）治疗；TIG是一种能够特合破伤风痉挛毒素的抗毒素。

But now we know the best time to tackle Clostridium tetani is before an infection even takes place.

但现我们知道，应对破伤风梭菌的最佳时机就是感染之前。

Instead, the offending bacterium, known as Clostridium tetani, infects the body through cuts and abrasions.

相反，被称为破伤风梭菌的病菌会通过割伤和擦伤感染人体。

So for example, we have a tetanus vaccine or a tetanus shot all right.

所以比如说，我们有破伤风疫苗或者打一针破伤风，好的。

So, get your tetanus up to date.

所以，确保你的破伤风疫苗是最新的。

Children who were born with tetanus.

出时就患有破伤风的儿童。

Treatment of tetanus involves application of tetanus immune globulin and supportive care measures.

破伤风的治疗包括TIG以及对症支持治疗。

Then, they inject antitoxin to neutralize any tetanus toxin still in the body that has yet to enter the central nervous system.

然后，注射抗毒素，中和体内尚未进入中枢神经统的破伤风毒素。

Clostridium tetani is notorious for one of its toxins called tetanospasmin, which can severely disrupt the neuromuscular system of mammals.

破伤风梭菌因其产的破伤风痉挛毒素而臭名昭着，该毒素严重影响哺乳动物的神经肌肉统。

Spores of Clostridium tetani are most often introduced into the body through penetrating trauma, like a puncture wound.

破伤风梭菌的芽孢最常通过穿透损伤进入人体，如刺伤。

Puncture wounds are usually anaerobic and warm, and are therefore optimal for growth of Clostridium tetani.

刺伤通常产缺氧且温暖的伤口环境，也成为了破伤风梭菌的最佳培养基。

In fact any kind of puncture wound or cut brings along the risk of tetanus.

事实上，任何一种刺伤或切割伤都伴有感染破伤风的风险。

But some tenacious pathogens, including the ones that cause botulism and tetanus, make it through this caustic cauldron and thrive in the intestines beyond.

但是一些顽固的病原体，包括一些导致肉毒中毒和破伤风的病原体能比较好地避开腐蚀环境，肠道之外存活繁衍。

Other symptoms of tetanus involve sympathetic over-activity, which causes drooling, excessive sweating, fever, difficulty swallowing, breathing problems, and irregular urination and defecation.

破伤风的其它临床表现包括：交感神经过度兴奋，引起流涎、大汗淋漓、发热、吞咽困难、呼吸困难，以及尿便失禁。

The diagnosis of tetanus is based on the clinical appearance.

破伤风的诊断基于其临床表现。