It seemed that due to insufficient folate, Kim Robbins was born with a hemangioma on his back which turned out to be a neural tube defect — effectively a hole in his spinal column.

似乎是由于体内缺乏够的叶酸，金•罗宾斯生下来背部就有一个血管瘤，结果证实是神经管缺陷——实际就是说他的有个洞。

Within the facial canal, three important events occur.

关于面神经管，有三个重点。

If you don't have enough folic acid in your bloodstream, you're at higher risk for developing neural tube complications, complications with your brain and the spine of the fetus.

如果你的血液中叶酸含，你就会面临更高的风险，可能会导致胎儿神经管缺陷，影响大脑和的发育。

The seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve, emerges from the brainstem, and then enters the temporal bone where it travels through a narrow, Z-shaped canal, called the facial canal.

第七对颅神经，即面神经，由脑发出，然后进入颞骨，在这里它穿过了一个狭窄的Z字形管道，叫做面神经管。

Neural tube defects include spina bifida, a defect of the spine, as well as some brain defects.

神经管缺陷包括裂，这种的一种缺陷，以及一些大脑缺陷。

Inside a developing embryo, the central nervous system starts off as a humble little neural tube.

在发育中的胚胎中，中枢神经系统从一个起眼的小神经管开始。

We looked at how the brain develops from an unassuming neural tube into three primary vesicles, and then five secondary vesicles, and finally into our complex set of four adult structures and their basic functions.

我们观察了大脑是如何从一个起眼的神经管发展成三个初级囊泡的，然后是五个次级囊泡，最后进入我们复杂的四个成人结构及其基本功能。

Most pre-natal vitamins include folic acid because it protects against defects in the formation of the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system.

大多数孕前维生素包括叶酸，因为叶酸能预防神经管形成中产生缺陷，而神经管是神经中枢的前身。

This neural tube goes on to become the spinal cord, the brain, as well as tissues that enclose and protect them, called the meninges.

神经管最终会形成髓、大脑以及包绕和保护它们的组织，即脑膜。

Still, within the temporal bone, the roots leave the internal acoustic meatus and enter into the facial canal.

走行于颞骨内，由内耳道底进人面神经管。

To prevent neural tube defects, mothers need to have sufficient folate levels before the start of pregnancy.

为了预防神经管缺陷，妈妈们需要在备孕期补充的叶酸。

And spina bifida occurs when a portion of this neural tube fails to close properly, typically in the lower back.

当神经管的一部分能正常闭合时，就会发生裂，一般在腰部。

This was a worthwhile effort, it seems, as the rate of neural tube defects has halved.

这种努力看来是值得的，因为神经管缺陷率已经减少了一半。

Very early on in fetal development, the ectoderm which is the outer layer of the fertilized egg starts to develop a bit of a ridge that eventually becomes the neural tube.

在胎儿发育的早期，受精卵的外层，即外胚层，开始形成状突起，最后形成神经管。

A study in Botswana found dolutegravir was linked to neural tube defect in embryos.

博茨瓦纳的一项研究发现，多替拉韦与胚胎神经管缺陷有关。

Okay, that's a bit of a an issue there or trying to get people to understand the concept of, you know, consume folic acid will reduce nerve tube defects.

好的，这确实是个问题，或者说是让人们理解这样一个概念的挑战：摄入叶酸可以减少神经管缺陷。

There's still a documented disparity in rates of neural tube defects, including spina bifida between Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations in the United States.

在美国，西班牙裔与非西班牙裔人口之间，包括裂在内的神经管缺陷发生率仍存在记录在案的差异。

Spina bifida is a congenital disability that's classified as a neural tube defect, and it occurs very early in a pregnancy, between four and six weeks, often before a person knows they are pregnant.

裂是一种先天性残疾，归类为神经管缺陷，通常在怀孕的第四至第六周即已发生，往往在女性意识到自己怀孕之前。