A scan of the basal ganglia shows it's working furiously throughout the whole process.

对基底神经节扫描显示，它在整个过程中都在疯狂地工作。

This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解一种叫做GM2神经节苷脂脂质。

Those signals flow all the way to their ganglia.

些信号一直流向他们神经节。

They also have connections to neurons in the basal ganglia, the reward center of the brain.

它们还与基底神经节神经元有联系，基底神经节大脑奖赏中枢。

Or possibly even implanted electrodes that modulate activity in particular parts of the basal ganglia circuit.

或者甚至植入电极来调节基底神经节回路特定活动。

Another difference between these two foils? Their ganglia.

两种“陪衬”另一个它们神经节。

Your body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, is regulated by a type of neuron in your eyes called ganglion cells.

你体内生物钟或昼夜节律由眼睛中一种称为神经节细胞神经元调节。

They basically monitor our thoughts, sensations and actions and they determine which actions we should perform next.

基底神经节主要监控我们思想、感觉和行为，并决定我们下一步应该做什么。

Those electrodes can detect electrical signals within the ganglion cells.

那些电极可以检测神经节细胞内电信号。

Again, about 20 different ganglion cell types.

又大约20种不同神经节细胞类型。

But where these ganglia appear relate to their function, and which division of the autonomic system they're serving.

但些神经节出现地方与它们功能有关，以及它们服务于自主神经系统哪个门。

In octopuses, around two-thirds of the neurons are actually found in the arms themselves, and these are localised into small brains called ganglia.

在章鱼身上，约有三之二神经元在腕足上，些神经元局存在于被称为神经节次大脑中。

Many insect activities, like walking or breathing, are coordinated by clusters of neurons, also known as ganglia, along their bodies.

许多昆虫活动，如行走或呼吸，都由沿其身体布神经元簇（亦称神经节）协调完成。

And that bed of nails can extract, meaning record the electrical signals that are coming out of the retinal ganglion cells.

那张钉床可以提取，也就记录来自视网膜神经节细胞电信号。

When the signals reach the synapses inside the ganglia, the nerve fibers then release a neurotransmitter — called acetylcholine, known to its friends as ACh.

当信号到达神经节内突触时，神经纤维会释放一种神经递质——乙酰胆碱，朋友们称之为 ACh。

The ultimate goal is to come up with precisely targeted treatments like drugs that tweak the activity of the basal ganglia without inducing serious side effects.

最终目标找到精确靶向治疗方法，比如可以在不引发严重副作用情况下调整基底神经节活动药物。

There are two pathways of action in the brain and a brain circuitry called the basal ganglia, a number of different brain areas.

大脑中有两种作用路径及一个名为基底神经节脑回路，涉及多个不同脑。

Their ganglia, for example, are located in different places: The sympathetic ganglia are located near the spinal cord, while on the parasympathetic side, they're close to the effectors.

例如，它们神经节位于不同位置：交感神经节位于脊髓附近，而副交感神经则靠近效应器。

That light hits your posterior retina and spreads from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells just beneath them, to the innermost ganglion cells, where they then generate action potentials.

光线到达你后视网膜，从光感受器扩散到它们下面双极细胞，再扩散到最里面神经节细胞，然后在那里它们产生动作电位。

In addition to nerve fibers that lead to ganglia and then your effectors, there's also a set leaving the spinal cord that goes directly to your adrenal glands.

除了通向神经节和效应器神经纤维，还有一组离开脊髓直接进入肾上腺。