A grueling 36-day Florida recount battle stemmed from problems with the state's punch card machines where poor ballot design left hanging chads on some ballots.

佛罗里达州进行了为期36天的艰苦的重新票之战，原因是该州穿孔机的问题，糟糕的选票设一些选票上留下了悬挂的小角。

Plus, there's WAY less punch cards to keep track of.

而且，需要跟踪的穿孔少多了。

Going back to punchcard computers, he'd always been someone who embraced new technologies.

回顾到穿孔算机时代，他始终是那个乐于接受新技术的人。

And they'll talk about it like it's like it's punch cards, right?

他们会谈论它，就像谈论穿孔一样，对吧？

The story begins in the 1940s, when a young Richard Hamming was working for Bell Labs and some of his work involved using a very big very expensive punchcard computer that he had only limited access to.

故事始于20世纪40年代，当时年轻的理查德·汉明贝尔实验室工作，他的部分工作涉及使用一台庞大且昂贵的穿孔算机，而他只有有限的访问权限。

So, you know, C programming language came from Unix, and when these time-sharing systems were really, it went from sort of punch cards to something that were a lot more agile.

所以， 你知道， C语言源自Unix，而当时这些分时系流行，它们从穿孔演变为更加灵活的形式。

These were like worlds within worlds of microbiological gestalts which I found could then be further transcribed using my grid system to render more musical punch cards.

这些宛如微生物形态的内世界，我发现可以通过我的网格系进一步转录，转化为更具音乐性的穿孔。仿佛一首歌中发现了隐藏的旋律。

And punch cards were used by computer programmers as late as the 1970s.

而20世纪70年代，算机程序员使用穿孔。

Punch cards were a useful and popular form of storage for decades, they didn't need power, plus paper was cheap and reasonably durable.

穿孔几十年间是一种有用且流行的存储形式，它们不需要电源，而且纸张便宜且相当耐用。

But in 1962, when computers were still cabinet-sized behemoths chugging through punch cards, Sketchpad and light pens were equal parts eye opening and brain melting.

但1962年，当算机仍然是柜子大小的庞然大物，通过穿孔进行运算时，Sketchpad和光笔则是既令人眼界大开又让人脑洞大开的东西。

A programmer would write one at their desk, for example, on punch cards.

一个程序员会他们的办公桌前编写程序，比如穿孔上。

The main program was stored on 62,500 punchcards, roughly equivalent to 5 megabytes of data, that's the size of an average smartphone photo today.

主程序存储62,500张穿孔上，大约相当于5兆字节的数据，这相当于今天普通智能手机拍摄的一张照的大小。

By the 1940s, punch cards had largely standardized into a grid of 80 columns and 12 rows, allowing for a maximum of 960 bits of data to be stored on a single card.

到了20世纪40年代，穿孔已经基本标准化为一个包含80列和12行的网格，允许单张上存储最多960位的数据。

By the end of the 1950s, computers had gotten so fast, they were often idle waiting for slow mechanical things, like printers and punch card readers.

到了20世纪50年代末，算机已经变得如此之快，它们经处于空闲状态，等待像打印机和穿孔阅读机这样的慢速机械装置。

INTRO The earliest computer storage was paper punch cards, and its close cousin, punched paper tape.

简介：最早的算机存储是纸制穿孔，及其近亲——穿孔纸带。

However, by the 1950s, mechanical inputs were rendered obsolete by programs and data stored entirely on mediums like punch cards and magnetic tape.

然而，到了20世纪50年代，机械输入被完全存储穿孔和磁带等介质上的程序和数据所取代，变得过时了。

The processor, punch card readers, and printers were known and unchanging.

处理器、穿孔读取器和打印机是已知且不变的。

However, punchcards were slow and write-once, you can't easily un-punch a hole.

然而，穿孔速度慢且只能写一次，你不能轻易地把打过的孔再恢复原状。