While the A and B alleles code for A and B antigens, the O allele codes for neither, and because we inherit one copy of each gene from each parent, every individual has two alleles determining blood type.

A和B基因进行编码成为A和B抗原，O基因则一个都不是。因为我们从每一个父母那继承了每个基因的复制品，每个人拥有个决定血型的等位基因。

But they may have different alleles, which are alternatives of the same genes.

但是他们可能有不同的等位基因，这些等位基因是相同基因的替代品。

Sometimes mutations don't affect an organism, but sometimes they can result in brand-new alleles.

有时突变不会影响有机体，但有时它们会产生全新的等位基因。

If your mom has two pairs of the brown eye allele, her eyes will be brown, and if your dad has two pairs for the blue eyes, his will be blue.

如果你妈妈有睛的等位基因，那她的睛就是的。如果你爸爸有蓝睛的等位基因，那他的睛就是蓝的。

The results of the study showed statistically significant differences in persistence scores, showing that subjects with the blood type A allele were more persistent.

这项研究的结果显示，在持久性得分上有统计学上的显著差异，表明具有A型等位基因的受试者更持久。

Many species within this family have conserved the alleles required to synthesizing muscarine until the present day, with a smaller subset of living genera within this family to lose this trait.

这个家族中的许多物种直到现在都保留了合成毒蕈碱所需的等位基因，家族中只有一小部分活的类属失去了这种特性。

When it comes to your reproductive system, it's not concerned about you, so much as it is about your alleles, your genetic code, and the future of the human species.

当涉及到你的生殖系统时，它不关心你，而是关心你的等位基因，你的遗传密码，以及人类物种的未来。

The new combinations of DNA created during crossover are a significant source of genetic variation, and result in new combinations of alleles, which may be beneficial.

在交换过程中产生的新的 DNA 组合是遗传变异的一个重要来源，并导致新的等位基因组合，这可能是有益的。

So some have two short alleles, some have two long ones, and the rest have one of each.

所以，有些人拥有个短型等位基因，有些人拥有个长型等位基因，剩下的则长型短型各一个。

This special genetic process is called imprinting, where only one copy of the gene gets expressed, not both.

这一特殊的遗传学过程称为“印记”，印记基因的存在使得个等位基因中的一个表达而另一个不表达。

As a result, if your dad has one allele for a disorder, it's pretty likely that his sibling or relative probably has it too, because they would have gotten it from their parents or other relatives.

因此，如果你的父亲有一个带有疾病的等位基因，很可能他的兄弟姐妹或亲戚那里也有，因为他们也是遗传了父母或其他亲戚的基因。

Non-random mating won't change allele frequencies, but will change the combinations of alleles in a population, those pairings of two big C's, two little c's, or one big C and one little c.

非随机交配不会改变等位基因的频率，但会改变种群中等位基因的组合，那些个大 C，个小 C，或者一个大 C 和一个小 C 的配。

So, when we talk about sex, we're talking about spreading our alleles around. But when we visualize sex, what most of what we picture are our anatomies.

所以，当我们谈论性时，我们谈论的是传播我们的等位基因。但是当我们想象性时，我们描绘的大部分是我们的解剖结构。

In these two genera, the alleles that allow the synthesis of muscarine, have been completely lost, or silenced.

在这个类属中，允许合成毒蕈碱的等位基因已经完全丢失或静默。

This differs from most genes in the genome, where both the maternal and paternal copies are expressed.

正常情况下，来自亲本方的等位基因都会表达，而印记基因仅表达一方亲本来源的同源基因。

But if one or more of them occurs, evolution is possible, and those allele frequencies can start to change like symbols on a slot machine.

但如果其中一个或多个发生了，进化就是可能发生的，这些等位基因的频率就会像老虎机上的符号一样开始改变。

That's the allele frequency of the tomato color gene in that population.

这就是这个群体中番茄颜基因的等位基因频率。

The other three forces of evolution probably aren't going to cause huge changes in allele frequencies like genetic drift or natural selection do; but they still can have an impact on how evolution occurs.

进化的其他三种力量可能不会像遗传漂变或自然选择那样引起等位基因频率的巨大变化；但它们仍然可以进化的发生产生影响。

Those seeds then start to grow, adding new alleles to our population's gene pool.

然后这些种子开始生长，为其种族基因库增加新的等位基因。

Like, if a flock of birds feast on tomatoes from a distant population — ones with different color gene alleles — they might poop out those seeds as they fly over our tomatoes.

比如，如果一群鸟吃了来自遥远种群的西红柿——那些有着不同颜基因等位基因的西红柿——它们飞过我们的西红柿时可能会把那些种子拉出来。