Now, this might not look like much, but if we were to put a red blood cell up on the screen, it'd be about that big, so these are unbelievably tiny curls.

这可能看起来没什么，但如果我们把血球细胞放在旁边做对比，就能看出它有多小了，所以这些是微小到极致蜷缩。

This is done by using a centrifuge which is a device created to separate fluids.

分离血球要使用离心机，离心机这种装置就是用来分离。

The blood cells are mainly red blood cells also called RBCs or erythrocytes.

血细胞主要是细胞，也叫 RBCs 或血球。

We used microscopes to study blood cells in our science class today.

我们今天理化课用显微镜研究血球。

Today, a whopping 99% of people living in sub-Saharan Africa have a specific type of a protein receptor on their red blood cells that doesn't allow the parasite to gain entry.

如今居住在非撒哈拉以南超过 99% ，他们身上血球上都有一种特殊蛋白质受，这种蛋白质受会阻止寄生虫进入。

This would be like comparing the size of a human red blood cell to the entire island of Sicily; an incredible difference in scale that's difficult to really wrap your head around.

这就好比把一个血球大小与整个西西里岛大小进行比较；规模相差悬殊，难以让真正理解。

Participants in these studies wear a special sensor that uses spectroscopy to measure near-infrared light absorption; you see, red blood cells absorb light differently when they're carrying a lot of oxygen.

这些研究参与者会戴上一个特殊传感器，它使用光谱来测量近外光吸收；你看，血球携带大量氧气时吸收光方式不同。

The primary two chromophores are hemoglobin, found in our red blood cells, and melanin, which gives our skin its pigment.

两种主要色基发色团是血蛋白，存在于血球中，以及黑色素，它使我们皮肤产生色素。

They can do this because inside the red blood cells, there is a very important molecule called haemoglobin.

它们之所以能做到这一点，是因为在血球内部，有一种非常重要分子，叫做血蛋白。

And there are not enough red blood cells to transport nutrients and oxygen.

而且没有足够血球来运输营养和氧气。

That includes red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to all tissues, platelets, which help stop bleeding by sticking to damaged blood vessels, and white blood cells, which patrol the body, destroying potentially harmful invaders.

包括血球——用于将氧气从肺输送到所有组织，血小板——堵住受伤血管以止血，以及白血球——它们负责守护身，摧毁潜在有害入侵者。

To create the sample, the patient's red blood cells need to first be separated.

要生成该样本，首先要分离患者血球。

The most common kind of cell in blood is the red blood cell.

其中最常见一种细胞是血球。

Red blood cells help move oxygen through the body.

血球有助于氧气在内运输。

That’s over 400 times smaller than a red blood cell!

那比一个血球小了400多倍！

Without it, we wouldn't have our red blood.

没有它，我们就不会有血球。

Going further, 100,000 times smaller than  you, we reach a typical skin cell about 30 micrometers in diameter, a Neutrophil is half as  big and one of your red blood cells is merely 7 micrometers.

继续缩小，比你小10万倍，我们到达一个典型皮肤细胞， 其直径约为30微米，中性粒细胞大小是它二分之一， 而你一个血球仅有7微米。

Even though Respirocyte is six times smaller than a normal red blood cell, it's able to carry 236x more oxygen and carbon dioxide!

尽管呼吸细胞比正常血球小六倍，但它能携带236倍更多氧气和二氧化碳！

If you have sickle cell anemia you have a red blood cell that looks like that or this sickle kind of appearance.

如果你患有镰状细胞贫血，你血球就会呈现出这种似镰刀形状。

They had observed that when blood from different people was mixed in test tubes, the red blood cells sometimes clumped together.

他们观察到， 当把不同血混合在试管中时，血球有时会聚集在一起。