Filtering is done by hair-like cellular appendages called cilia.

清除由像头发一样称为细胞附属器官完成。

Tiny hairs inside your nose called cilia help push it further down your nose.

你鼻子里叫做小发帮助把它推到鼻子下面。

Smoking also causes the cilia in the lungs to become irritated, and produce excess mucus.

吸烟还会导致肺部受到刺激，并产生过量粘液。

She later determined the pigment was produced by the aquatic bacterium Leptothrix ochracea.

她后来确定，这种颜料由水生菌赭色菌制造。

These groupings of stereocilia can be damaged when exposed to prolonged loud noises.

当暴露在长间噪音中，这些立体群可能会被破坏。

But the team did see single-celled organisms called ciliates in the sick urchins.

但该调查小组确实在患病海胆中发现了名为虫单细胞生物。

Then, they face the respiratory tract's first-line defense: the mucociliary escalator.

粘膜扶梯。

It does this by damaging the cilia, tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean.

它是通过破坏来实现，微小发状结构，其作用是保持气道清洁。

But some of these invaders may get past the mucociliary escalator into the lungs, where they meet the alveoli.

但是有些入侵者有可能通过粘膜扶梯并进入到肺里，并接触到肺泡。

They also found predators on the herbivores, in the form of ciliates and predator bacteria, which feed on other bacteria.

他们还发现食草物捕食者，如虫以及以其他细菌为食捕食细菌。

One of the body's first lines of defence against airborne pathogens is known as the " mucociliary clearance mechanism" .

人体抵抗空气传播病原体第一道防线被称为“黏液清除机制”。

The sliding of the stereocilia puts tension in the link until the channels open and ions rush into the cell.

滑，使得连接丝中产生张力，直到通道打开，离子冲进细胞里。

Micronuclei in the ciliates then divide several times in each cell.

虫中小核然后在每个细胞中分裂几次。

And a flame cell has cilia on it.

火焰细胞上长有。

This is a Suctorian, it is a ciliate just like Paramecium and Stentor.

这是吸管虫，它是一种虫，就像草履虫和 Stentor 一样。

And as those cilia move back and forth, what it does is it generates a current.

当那些来回摆，它们会形成一股水流。

Stentor coeruleus is a part of a group called the ciliates.

Stentor coeruleus 是虫群一部分。

Now, imagine that this arm represents one stereocilium and this arm represents the adjacent, shorter one with the elastic band between them.

想象一下，这条手臂代表了一根静，而这条手臂则代表了旁边更短一根静，它们之间由橡皮带连接。

These guys can transform into ciliated columnar cells, so they help regenerate and replace damaged ciliated columnar epithelial cells if needed.

它们可以转化为柱状上皮细胞，必要可以替代和修复受损柱状上皮细胞。

Their legs and the long claws and they're covered with hairs that increase traction and prevent them from sinking into the sand.

靠是它们腿和爪尖上面覆盖着增大张力，防止它们陷入沙中。