The substantia nigra actually can be split into two sub-regions.

黑质可以被分为两个亚区：First， there’s the pars reticulata， which receives signals from another part of the basal ganglia called the striatum 纹状体， which is a term for the caudate and putamen put together， and relays messages to the thalamus via neurons rich in the neurotransmitter GABA， also known as gamma-aminobutyric acid. 首先是网状部，可以接受基底节另一部分纹状体发来的信号；纹状体由尾状核和壳核组成，可以通过富含神经递质GABA的神经元传递信号到丘，其中GABA即γ－氨基丁酸。

And one region we focus on is called the striatum.

我们关注的一个区域称为纹状体。

And the striatum is the key component of the reward system.

纹状体是奖励系统的关键组成部分。

I don't have to keep saying nigrostriatal and mesocortical.

我不必一直说黑质纹状体和中皮质。

And the brain's autopilot is in a structure called the striatum.

大的自动驾于称为纹状体的结构中。

But the striatum is also a source of hope.

但纹状体也是希望的源泉。

I thought that they had tics, evidence of striatal miswiring.

我认为他们有抽搐， 纹状体接线错误的证据。

In adults, a brain area called the striatum is known to handle the process of reinforcement.

在成人中，已知称为纹状体的大区域可以处理强化过程。

And when they played the game, it was mostly in the striatum that researchers saw activity.

当他们玩这个游戏时，研究人员看到的主要是纹状体的活动。

Those skills are stored in muscle memory and over here, an area of the brain the Striatum.

这些技能存储在肌肉记忆中，也就是大纹状体的一个区域。

Because the striatum gives us a clue of how to bring people back.

因为纹状体为我们提供了如何将人们带回来的线索。

Now, Parkinson's disease develops when the neurons connecting the substantia nigra to the striatum progressively degenerate.

现在，当连接黑质的神经元纹状体逐渐退化。

And the striatum and opioid signaling in it has been deeply linked with loneliness.

其中的纹状体和阿片类信号与孤独感密切相关。

In addition to that, these same dopaminergic neurons also exert inhibitory effects on the excitatory cholinergic neurons in the striatum.

除此之外，多巴胺能神经元也有同样的抑制作用纹状体的兴奋性胆碱能神经元。

So when you receive something that you find rewarding, your striatum is very responsive, and it releases something called dopamine.

因此，当你收到一些你觉得有价值的东西时，你的纹状体反应非常灵敏， 它会释放一种叫做多巴胺的东西。

This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brain's reward center, known as the ventral striatum.

这种想和朋友一起玩的冲动可能是由于大奖励中心（称为腹侧纹状体） 的变化所致。

One area involved in habitual behavior is the striatum, which actually releases chemicals that inhibit the complex thinking part of your brain for that task.

习惯性行为涉及到的一个区域是纹状体，它会释放化学物质来抑制中负责复杂思考回路的部分。

Since usually there's this balance of signaling between dopamine and acetylcholine, a loss of dopamine reaching the striatum increases the relative amount of acetylcholine signalling there.

由于多巴胺和乙酰胆碱之间有一种平衡，多巴胺减少的信号传到纹状体，导致乙酰胆碱信号发出相应增加。

Well, in all the learning tests, there was activity in the ventral striatum , which is part of the reward pathways in your brain.

好吧，在所有的学习测试中，腹侧纹状体都有活动， 这是大奖励通路的一部分。

Dopamine itself can't cross the blood-brain barrier, but its precursor levodopa can, and once in the brain, levodopa is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase, most importantly within the remaining nigrostriatal neurons.

多巴胺本身不能通过血屏障，但它的前体左旋多巴可以，一旦进入中，左旋多巴就会被多巴脱羧酶转换为多巴胺，尤其是在残存的黑质纹状体神经元内。