The next stage in classical histology would be to use a chemical stain to show up the individual cells.

经典组织的下一阶段将是使用化染色来显示单个细胞。

But definitive diagnosis needs to be made based on the histologic and molecular characteristics of a tissue biopsy.

但确诊需要基于组织活检的组织与分子特征。

We looked into how the history of histology started with microscopes and stains, and how our nervous tissue forms our nervous system.

我们研究了组织的历史是如何从显微镜和染色开始的，以及我们的神经组织是如何形成我们的神经系统的。

Histologically, prominent features include large, round tumor cells resembling germline tumors; or small cells forming Homer-Wright rosettes.

松果体瘤主要的组织特征包括类似生殖细胞肿瘤形的肿瘤细胞，或是形成Homer-Wright菊形团的小细胞。

Then look at the histology: just the basic architecture of the tissue.

然后查组织：是组织的基本结构。

Generally what we see in hard tissue histology and paleohistology is the work that the cells did while they were alive.

一般来说，我们在硬组织组织和古组织到的是细胞在活着时所做的工作。

Using a technique called Bone Histology where scientists slice up fossils into very thin sections, we can look at the internal structures found in fossils.

使用一种称为骨骼组织的技术，科家将化石切成非常薄的部分，我们可以查化石发现的内部结构。

Fundamentally, FSGS is a histopathologic description, basically what it looks like under a microscope, which could be the end result of a number of different pathophysiologic mechanisms.

从根本上讲，FSGS是组织上的描述性病变，即反映其镜下特点，它可以是众多不同的（肾小球）病变的最终结果。

Alright so on histology, there'll be segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis of the glomeruli, and under electron microscope, there's effacement of the foot processes of the podocytes.

在组织上，患者的组织活检会出现肾小球节段性硬化和玻璃样变，在电镜下可见足细胞足突消失。

In the bone marrow, immature RBC's mitochondria surround the nucleus and get laden with excess iron deposits, which produces ringed sideroblasts on histology, hence the name of the disease.

在骨髓，幼红细胞的线粒体围绕着细胞核，并且充盈着量的铁沉积物，在组织上形成环状的铁粒幼红细胞，铁粒幼细胞性贫血也因此得名。

These masses are also pedunculated, meaning it's attached to a peduncle... or a stalk of tissue, and also gelatinous in consistency as a result of an abundance of ground substance on histology.

这些肿块也是带蒂的，意味着它附着于肉茎（或者一柄组织），由于组织上的基底物质丰富，它们通常黏附在一起。

But even then, his amazing new optics weren't quite enough to launch the study of histology as we know it, because most individual cells in a tissue weren't visible in your average scope.

但即便如此，他惊人的新光技术还不足以启动我们所知道的组织研究，因为组织的多数单个细胞在你的平均范围内是不可见的。

But it really wasn't until nearly 200 years later, in the 1850s, that the we really got the first true histological stain. And for that we can thank German anatomist Joseph von Gerlach.

但直到近 200 年后，也就是 19 世纪 50 年代，我们才真正获得了第一个真正的组织染色。为此我们要感谢德国解剖家。约瑟夫·冯·格拉克。

Here's a classic histology image of cirrhotic tissue, this clump of cells in the middle is the regenerative nodule, and these blue stains surrounding it are the bands of protein from the process of fibrosis.

这是一张典型的肝硬化组织的组织图像，间圈出的部分这堆细胞就是再生结节，包围再生结节的蓝色的区域是肝脏纤维化过程形成的蛋白质束。

Can I pluck the flower by the wayside, and, as I gaze at it, feel that, if I knew all the teachings of histology, morphology, and so on, with regard to it, I should have exhausted its meanings?

我能摘下路边的花， 着它，觉得如果我知道所有关于它的组织、形态等等的教义， 我应该已经穷尽了它的意义吗？

A diagnosis of the type of polyp is done by biopsy, and treatment usually involves using a wire loop to cut out the polyp followed by cauterisation to prevent bleeding, a procedure called polypectomy – which literally means polyp removal.

息肉的组织分类需通过活检确诊，治疗通常包括用一个铁线圈切除息肉，随后灼烧以防失血，这个过程称为肠息肉切除术polypectomy，字面意思即“切除息肉”。

And so one of the things we want to do is then look at the histology: What those tissues are in the females but also the thickness and the relative proportion of these tissues in all these different species.

因此，我们要做的其一件事就是观察组织：雌性体内的这些组织是什么，以及这些组织在所有这些不同物种的厚度和相对比例。