Gamma-amino butyric acid, or GABA, for example, is a chemical thatshuts down nerve cells.

如γ-氨基丁酸或伽马氨基丁酸，都是可以使神经细胞关闭化学物质。

Add chemicals to those blood cells to turn them into stem cells like always.

往血液细胞中加入化学物质让它们像往常一样变成干细胞。

Now, brain cells aren't physically connected, but molecules called neurotransmitters do travel from one cell to another, using chemical pathways to transmit signals between cells.

脑细胞在物理上是不相连，但是被称为神经递质分子确实从一个细胞传递到另一个细胞，它们利用化学途径在细胞之间传递信号。

Chemotherapy is a chemical treatment used to kill cancer cells that also suppresses – or stops – the body's immune system from working.

化疗是一种杀死癌症细胞化学疗法，也会抑制人体免疫系统。

Furanocoumarins aren't toxic cell-damaging chemicals on their own.

呋喃香豆素本身并非是有毒破坏细胞化学物。

It does that by interacting with a chemical receptor on the surface of the cell.

疟原虫是通过跟血细胞表面化学感受器交流来进入血细胞。

The electricity in our bodies is created by chemical reactions between cells.

我们体内电是由细胞间化学反应产生。

The cell cytoplasm is the site of the cell's chemical reactions.

细胞质是细胞进行化学反应场所。

The cells then churn out a chemical alarm, transmitting the enemy's information along the chain of command and triggering the production of specially-targeted antibodies and assassin cells to fend off the rest of the invaders.

然后这些细胞会发出化学警报，将敌人信息沿着指挥系统传递，并触发特定抗体和吞噬细胞生产，以抵御其他入侵者。

Inside each of these cells, chemical reactions are constantly occurring, powered by the glucose and oxygen that our bodies convert into the energy-carrying molecule known as ATP.

在每一个细胞里化学反应不断地在发生，由我们身体转化葡萄糖和氧气成为携带能量分子，也叫ATP。

But how we experience our six major special senses all boils down to one thing: sensory cells translating chemical, electromagnetic, and mechanical stimuli into action potentials that our nervous system can make sense of.

但是我们如何体验我们六种主要特殊感官都归结为一件事：感觉细胞将化学、电磁和机械刺激转化为我们神经系统可以理解动作电位。

In acute laryngitis, the goblet cells to over secrete mucus leading to congestion of the airway, and immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages release chemicals that cause pain and swelling.

急性喉炎中，杯状细胞分泌过多黏液，导致气道阻塞；免疫细胞如中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞释放化学物质产生疼痛和肿胀感。

Insulin is a chemical that helps your muscles, fat, and liver cells absorb sugar, where it's stored until your body needs energy.

胰岛素是一种帮助你肌肉、脂肪和肝细胞吸收糖分化学物质，糖分储存在那里，当你需要时，会为你身体提供能量。

Pierce J. Howard, another expert, says new research indicates that physical exercise increases the amount of certain brain chemicals that stimulate growth of nerve cells.

另一名专家皮尔斯? J. 霍华德说，新研究表明，体育锻炼提高了大脑中某些激发神经细胞生长化学物质含量。

The matrix is implanted at the injury site, and as it slowly degrades in recipient's body it releases chemicals that attract stem cells.

这种基质是在受伤部位植入, 随着它缓慢在接受者体内降解，会释放吸引干细胞化学物质。

In chronic disease states, chemical messengers called cytokines mediate this pathologic process in the kidney, immune system, and the GI tract.

在慢性疾病中，称为细胞因子化学信使在肾脏、免疫系统和胃肠道中介导了这一病理过程。

Doctor Dmitri Lopotko is a researcher at the department of biochemistry and cell biology at Rice University in Houston, Texas.

Dmitri Lopotko医生是德州休斯顿莱斯大学生物化学和细胞生物学院研究人员。

And what they do is translate physical forces, temperature, pressure into a chemical signal that the cells will understand.

它们所做就是将物理力，温度，压力转化为细胞能够理解化学信号。

The trick then, is not only to figure out all the factors that affect the chemical reactions thatenable cells to move around, but also to figure out how to control these reactions selectively.

而关键不仅仅是找出所有因素影响细胞自由运动化学反应，还要明白如何能有选择地控制化学反应。

A strong blow to the head causes chemical changes within nerve cells that damage their structural proteins.

头部遭受猛烈撞击会使得神经细胞发生化学变化，进而造成结构蛋白损伤。