In fact, that's exactly what happens during apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death.

事实上，这恰恰是细胞凋亡时所发的现象，这一过程也被称作细胞程序性死亡。

But with a brain-dead person, this window can be extended because the heart and lungs can still function, delaying the cellular breakdown that occurs with cardiopulmonary death.

但对于脑死亡的来说，这个时间窗口可以延长，因为心脏和可以发挥作用，延缓因心死亡而发的细胞分解。

The same thing happened to your rods. Except, since they only register black and white, the afterimage was like looking at a negative of a photograph — dark replaced with light.

你的视杆细胞也发了同样的事情。除了，因为它们只记录黑白，残影就像看照片的底片——黑暗被光明取代。

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry — that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先利用了物化学的基本前提：细胞内发的一切都是化学反应。

Researchers found that the earliest mutations of cancer are displayed on every cell in a tumor.

研究员发现，肿瘤的每个细胞都会发癌症的最初变异。

This is possible because organisms evolve when random mutations happen in the DNA of reproductive cells.

这是可能的，因为细胞的DNA发随机突变时，物就会进化。

Activation of lymphocytes takes place in lymph nodes, small glands, where the lymphocytes detect antigens.

淋巴细胞的激活发在淋巴结，即小腺体中，在此处淋巴细胞能检测到抗原。

I'm not as sharp intercellularly, like what's going on in the nucleus.

我在细胞间的敏锐度不够，比如在细胞核内发的事情。

Organs have a limited window of time that can be preserved after death, but with a brain dead person, this window can be extended because the heart and lungs can still function delaying the cellular breakdown that occurs with cardiopulmonary death.

器官在死后可以保存的时间窗口是有限的，但对于脑死亡的来说， 这个时间窗口可以延长， 因为心脏和可以发挥作用， 延缓心死亡时发的细胞分解。

Cells that divide often are at a higher risk of mutations than cells that don’t divide - and because breasts change and grow over the course of our lives, these cells are frequently dividing.

分裂的细胞通常比不分裂的细胞发突变的风险更高——而且由于乳房在我们的命过程中会发变化和长，因此这些细胞经常分裂。

Now when you're watching it, let me go back a second, on these first two videos what you don't see is everything that actually happens before the cell makes a copy of itself.

现在你在观看时，让我稍微回一下，在这两个初始视频中你看不到的是细胞自我复制前所发的所有事情。

And they even went deeper using computational tools to find the molecular switches, the transcription factors that were likely driving these changes across those different aging cell types within CMO5.

他们甚至利用计算工具进一步深入研究，寻找可能驱动CMO5中不同衰老细胞类型发这些变化的分子开关——即转录因子。

Cancer happens when the DNA in one of your cells mutates or is damaged in a way that causes it to replicate out of control.

癌症发在你的细胞中的DNA发突变或受损，导致其不受控制地复制时。

Recombination occurs uniquely in each sex cell— making two sisters' chromosomes different not only from their parents', but from each other's.

在每个性细胞中发的重组都是独一无二的——使两姐妹的染色体不仅不同于她们父母的，而且也不同于彼此的。

It’s a blood cancer that occurs when a person’s bone marrow starts churning out immature and abnormal white blood cells.

这是一种体骨髓开始产未成熟和异常的白细胞时发的血液癌症。

For example, the light that enters your eye causes chemical changes in cells at the back of the eye.

例如，进入眼睛的光线会导致眼睛后部的细胞发化学变化。

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry – that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先借鉴了物化学的一个基本前提——细胞内发的一切基本上都只是化学反应。

The same thing happened to the cells in your body after they've been frozen with liquid nitrogen.

在用液氮冷冻后，你体内的细胞也会发同样的事情。

It takes hours because it's a physical biological change that happens at the level of brain cells.

这需要数小时，因为这是一种在脑细胞层面发的理物变化。

In most cancers, it's the body's own cells that mutate and become cancerous [show " mosaicism" ].

在大多数癌症中，体自身的细胞发变异并变成癌细胞[显示“镶嵌现象”]。