In more serious cases, amniocentesis, where a sample is taken directly from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus, can be performed.

在严重情况，需行膜穿刺术，即直接从胎儿周围膜囊穿刺取样检查。

Amniotic fluid, the protective liquid surrounding the fetus within the amniotic sac.

水，即膜囊内环绕胎儿保护性液体。

Unlike the temnospondyls, these early amniotes were free to reproduce far from the water, by laying eggs with protective shells, which were probably more leathery than mineralized.

与扁平头类不同， 这些早期膜动物可以在远离水源地方繁殖，它们蛋有保护壳，这些壳可能更像皮革而不是矿化物质。

And that balloon bag is surrounded by thick muscle, which is the uterus, surrounds the entire bag and has, actually, a thicker portion at the bottom.

而那个像气球一样膜囊被厚厚肌肉层包围，这就是子宫， 它包裹着整个膜囊，并且在底部有一个更厚部。

It's just kind of part of the normal fluid that surrounds the body in the, in the amniotic sac and stuff like that.

它只是包围身体正常液体一部，在膜囊之类东西中。

So I got the results of the amnio today.

膜刺穿术结果今天出来了。

Amniotes with one temporal fenestrae are called synapsids.

具有一个颞孔膜动物称为突触。

By the time this catastrophe occurred, most lineages of temnospondyls had already gone extinct, under pressure from the amniotes.

到这场灾难发生时，大多数扁平头类支已经在膜动物压力灭绝了。

Their amnio caused these birth defects.

他们膜刺穿术导致胎儿先天缺陷。

And amniotes with two temporal fenestrae are called diapsids.

具有两个颞孔膜动物被称为双孔动物。

Since reptiles, mammals, and birds are all amniotes, amniote eggs must have existed in their last common ancestor, the first true amniote.

由于爬行动物、哺乳动物和鸟类都是膜动物，膜卵一定存在于它们最后共同祖先，即第一个真正膜动物中。

Now, there are different types of amniotic eggs.

现在，有不同类型膜蛋。

As the Permian progressed, amniote predators like Dimetrodon, Ophiacodon, and eventually saber-toothed gorgonopsians became widespread.

随着二叠纪推进，像二齿兽、蛇齿兽和最终剑齿戈尔贡OPS这样膜动物捕食者变得广泛布。

Aquatic temnospondyls managed to hang on for tens of millions of years by sticking to watery habitats and avoiding the amniotes on land.

水生扁平头类通过坚守水域栖息地并避免与陆地上膜动物接触，成功存活了几千万年。

Some of our earliest fossil records of amniote eggs are from dinosaurs like Mussaurus patagonicus, which lived around 215 million years in Argentina.

我们最早一些膜卵化石记录来自恐龙， 例如巴塔哥尼鼠龙，它们在阿根廷生活了大约 2.15 亿年。

But on an increasingly dry planet, that gave amniotes a critical advantage.

但在一个越来越干燥星球上，这给了膜动物一个关键优势。