When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需要能量时，三种单糖就会过糖酵解、三循环、氧化磷化进行能量代谢。

Carboxylic acids are in the mix, too, adding notes of cheese.

也混在其中增加了芝士的味道。

After that happens, the liver turns the fatty acids into ketone bodies, like acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid; acetoacetic acid is a ketoacid because it has a ketone group and a carboxylic acid group.

此后，肝把脂肪转化成酮体，比如乙酰乙、β-羟丁；乙酰乙是一种酮，因它有酮团和团。

Some have suggested that these chemicals, including carboxylic acids, may have arrived on Earth from space, traveling via comets and meteorites to the forming planet.

一些人认，包括在内的这些化学物质可能是从太空中过彗星和陨石到达地球的。

Also, mosquitoes are most attracted to a kind of chemical called carboxylic acid, which is usually produced by bacteria on human skin.

此外，蚊子最容易被一种的化学物质吸引，这种化学物质常由人类皮肤上的细菌产生。

The pyruvate goes through the TCA cycle, produces a bunch of citrate, and that gets converted down to VLDL.

丙酮经过三循环，产生一堆柠檬盐，并且被转换成 VLDL。

Now the study found that 50 molecular compounds were higher in mosquito magnets especially carboxylic acid on the skin.

现研究发现，招蚊子喜爱的人群中有50种分子化合物更多，尤其是皮肤上的。

Trying to memorize the Kreb's Cycle?

想要记住三循环？

Carboxylic acids are a type of organic compound characterized by a carbon (C) atom doubly bonded to an oxygen (O) atom and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) .

是一种有机化合物，其特征是一个碳（C）原子与一个氧（O）原子双键结合，并与一个羟（-OH）单键结合。

Numbering the other way, 1-2-3-4, the carboxylic acid is on carbon 1 (that's pretty ideal).

以另一种方式编号， 1-2-3-4， 在碳 1 上（这非常理想）。

Magnesium L-3inate is uniquely able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

L-3-吡咯烷酮-2-镁能够独特地穿越血脑屏障。

And carboxylic acids are notorious for being weak acids.

因其弱而臭昭著。

And then you would also expect that the TCA metabolites working better.

然后你也期望三循环代谢物会工作得更好。

While carboxylic acids are ketones bonded to an OH group instead of an R group, and ethers are just alcohols bonded to an R-group instead of a hydrogen.

虽然是酮与一个羟（OH）相连而不是与R团相连，而醚则是醇与一个R团相连而不是与氢原子相连。

And then once glucose gets inside of the cell, glucose enters the TCA cycle, is catabolized, and then produces ATP.

然后一旦葡萄糖进入细胞内部，它就会进入三循环， 被分解代谢，并产生ATP。

By functional group I mean an alcohol group or ketone group or aldehyde group or acid group.

当我提到官能团时，指的是醇、酮、醛或。

If it's a six carbon chain with a carboxylic acid on it and an alcohol on one of the other carbons, our name has to do two things: identify that the hydroxyl group is there and identify where it is.

如果它是一个六碳链， 上面有一个， 另一个碳上有一个醇，我们的字必须做两件事：确定羟的存在并确定它的位置。

For example if we have a carbonyl bonded to a Hydroxyl, that, my friends, is a Carboxylic Acid.

例如，如果我们有一个与羟键合的羰，那，我的朋友们， 就是一个。

Then the pyruvate can't be converted into acetyl coenzyme A. So it's not entering into the TCA cycle.

然后丙酮就不能转化乙酰辅酶A。所以它不会进入三循环。

For caboxylic acids, you have to identify it's an acid, so you end in acid, that's obvious, but instead of adding '-ylic' you add '-oic'.

对于，你要识别它是， 所以结尾是，这是显而易见的， 但不是加上“-ylic” ，而是加上“-oic” 。