The pinna, the malleus and the stapes are all parts of what?

、锤骨、镫骨这些结构来自部位？

The malleus, the pinna and the stapes are all parts of what?

锤骨，和镫骨都？

Cartilage is a continuation of the cartilage which forms the framework of the pinna.

软骨构成框架的软骨的延续。

And this enormous desert is a dangerous place for a tiny, wild dog.

而这片广袤的沙漠对一只小小的狐来说个十分危险的地方。

Pinna is also the source of graft materials for the surgeon.

也外科医生移植料的来源。

An unwary fennec is small enough to be caught by feral dogs and even eagle owls.

一个不小心，小狐就会被野狗甚至鹰鸮抓住。

Despite such capable cooling, not even a fennec can endure the heat of the Saharan Sun.

虽然有这样的降温能力，即使狐也无法忍受撒哈拉太阳的热量。

So the pinna, or auricle, is the part that you can see, and wiggle, and grab, or festoon with an earring.

，或者，你可以看到、扭动、抓住的部分，你也可以用环装饰它。

Yet this vast, unforgiving place is home to the world's smallest wild dog, the fennec fox.

然而，这处广阔而环境恶劣的地区却世界上体型最小的犬科动物——狐的家园。

Its 3 parts are (1) auricle or pinna (2) external acoustic canal and (3) the tympanic membrane.

这 3 个部分分别：（1）；（2）外道；（3）鼓膜。

The grains of sand are constantly shifting, but the pads on her feet... are furry for maximum traction.

沙粒在不停地移动，可她毛茸茸的脚垫… … 能让狐获得巨大的抓地力。

Let's begin with the part we see, called the pinna.

让我们从我们看到的部分开始，称为。

Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. Use a syringe device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal.

轻轻地将向上拉直。使用注射器直接向孔壁注水。

Today there are 34 species of canids, from the leggy maned wolf to the big-eared fennec fox.

今天有 34 种犬科动物，从长腿鬃狼到大狐。

Others, like the fennec fox, have large ears that radiate body heat, helping to cool them down.

其他动物，如狐，则有大朵，可以散发体温，帮助身体降温。

There is no cartilage between the tragus and crus of the helix, and this area which is without cartilage, is called the incisura terminalis.

和轮之间没有软骨，这个没有软骨的区域称为界切迹。

Therefore, to see the tympanic membrane, the pinna has to be pulled upwards, backwards and laterally so as to bring the two parts in alignment.

为了看到鼓膜，必须向上、向后和横向拉，以便使两部分对齐。

We have three on the outside, so these are remnant auricular muscles that originally had great functions, particularly with sound the way your dog or your cat do.

我们在外面有三个，所以这些残余的肌肉，最初有很大的功能，尤其像你的狗或猫一样发出声音。

The conchal cartilage has also been used to correct the depressed nasal bridge while the composite grafts of the skin and cartilage from the pinna are sometimes used for repair of defects of nasal ala in nasal surgery.

鼻甲软骨也被用来矫正凹陷的鼻梁，而皮肤和软骨的复合移植有时用于鼻外科修复鼻翼缺损。