These club cells secrete glycosaminoglycans which protect the bronchiolar epithelium.

棒状细胞能分泌糖胺糖，来保护细支气管内膜。

The drugs bind to enzymes that produce peptidoglycans and then link them together.

这些药物结合产生肽糖，后将它们链接在一起。

The extracellular component includes both the intravascular space - the space within the blood and lymphatic vessels and the interstitial space - the space between cells where you typically find fibrous proteins and long chains of carbohydrates which are called glycosaminoglycans.

细胞外部分包括管道内空间，即血管和淋巴管内空间以及间质空间，即细胞之间空间，通常能找到纤维蛋白和叫糖胺糖（即黏多糖）长链碳水化合物。

So the bacteria use an enzyme called glucosyltransferase to cut the bond between them, use the fructose for energy, and add the glucose to a growing chain of glucose molecules called a glucan.

细菌会通过葡萄糖基转移分解它们之间化学键，后利用果糖供能，并把葡萄糖连接到一种叫作葡糖延伸糖链上。

The anchors of this framework are proteins called proteoglycans. And from each one sprouts lots and lots of long, starchy strands called glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs, radiating out from those proteins like brush bristles.

这个构架支柱是蛋白质蛋白糖，并从每一个蛋白糖中长出许多称为糖胺糖或 GAG 长淀粉链，从这些蛋白质中辐射出来，就像刷毛一样。

Unfortunately, type I collagen doesn't interact with the proteoglycans in the same way and there is an overall decrease in elasticity in the cartilage matrix, allowing it to breakdown.

不幸是，一型胶原并不能和蛋白糖正常地相互作用，导致软骨基质整体弹性减弱，容易分解。

Following impact, immune cells rush in to help clean and repair the damaged site and begin pumping out enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanases.

关冲击后，免疫细胞涌入以帮助清理和修复损部位，并释放包括基质金属蛋白和集蛋白糖在内。

Then, there are long chains of sugars called glycosaminoglycans or GAGs, which act like sponges and can hold huge amounts of water.

还有一个就是一连串长长糖原链，叫做“糖胺糖”，它就像海绵一样，能储存大量水分。

But while almond milk has the least nutrients of the four, oat milk is full of beta-glucans, a healthy type of fiber.

虽杏仁奶在四种奶中营养成分最少，但燕麦奶富含β-葡糖，这是一种有益健康纤维。

Carbohydrates in wheat called " fructans" could account for as much as half of a person's FODMAP intake.

小麦中被称为“果糖”碳水化合物可能占到一个人 FODMAP 摄入量一半。

Those with more than ten are polysaccharides.

由多于10个糖分子组成 那些称为多糖。

It runs through a set of processes, and out comes the powder, which is the chitosan.

让机器运行一个流程，出来粉末就是壳糖。

It consists of peptidoglycan which usually helps differentiate whether bacteria are gram positive or gram negative.

细胞壁由肽糖组成，通常可以帮助区分细菌种类，判断它们是革兰氏阳性菌还是革兰氏阴性菌。

We can also make plastic bags from these sheets by gluing them together with more of the bioplastic, which means that the bag is 100% chitosan and so it's much more easily recycled.

我们也可以通过用生物塑料把这些薄片粘合起来制作塑料袋，这样就保证了塑料袋是100％壳糖，所以它更容易回收。

And they had them try 1 of 3 different, indistinguishable snack bars that had either pure gluten or a FODMAP called fructan or neither, a placebo bar.

他们让试者从三种不同、难以区分零食棒中选择一种，这些零食棒要么含有纯麸质，要么含有一种叫做果糖 FODMAP，要么两者都没有，另一种是安慰剂棒。

They initially start making less of the proteoglycans and more Type II collagen, but soon switch over to making a different collagen type, type I collagen.

他们最开始形成少量蛋白糖和更多二型胶原，将很快转向产生另一类胶原：一型胶原。

Scientists have long known that penicillin and its relatives disrupt the assembly of the bacterial cell wall, a tightly woven mesh made of peptide-studded sugars called peptidoglycans.

科学家们早已知道，青霉素及其相关药物能破坏细菌细胞壁集合，一个由叫做“肽糖”布满肽糖类制成紧密编织网。

So retinoids can help maintain the structure of your dermis and fight off wrinkles by making your body produce more collagen, elastin, and GAGs.

类维生素 A 能促使身体产生更多胶原、弹性蛋白和糖胺糖，从而有助于保护真皮结构，抵抗皱纹。

Staph saprophyticus has a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, which takes in purple dye when Gram stained - so this is a gram-positive bacteria.

腐生葡萄球菌具有一层较厚细胞壁，由肽糖构成，这使它在革兰染色时呈现为紫色，因此它是革兰氏阳性细菌。

They also increase stool weight stool weight which helps prevent constipation, and fibers like beta-glucan are also good for heart health.

纤维素还可增加粪便重量，可有效防止便秘发生，另外像β-葡糖这样纤维素还对心脏健康有利。