Acute stress and anxiety activate molecules called corticotropins, which produce hormones that tell the body to do certain things, like release the stress hormone cortisol.

急性压力和焦虑会激活一促上腺皮质激素的分子，促上腺皮质激素会产生荷尔蒙，告诉身体某些事情，比如释放压力荷尔蒙皮质醇。

When the ACTH binds to receptors on cells in an adrenal cortex, it triggers the release of a frenzy of different freak-out compounds known as glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid hormones.

当促上腺皮质激素与上腺皮质细胞上的受体结合时，它会引发不同反化合物的疯狂释放，这些化合物被称为糖皮质激素和矿物质皮质激素。

The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland and is subdivided into three layers- the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis.

上腺皮质是上腺的外层部分，皮质又分为三层：球状带、束状带和网状带。

The ACTH travels — again through the bloodstream — to the adrenal cortices of the adrenal glands on top of your kidneys.

促上腺皮质激素再次通过血液脏顶部上腺的上腺皮质。

In some cases, Cushing syndrome results from a pituitary adenoma making excess ACTH, and in those situations it's called Cushing disease.

在某些病例中，库欣综合征是由垂体腺瘤制造过多促上腺皮质激素导致的；在这情况下，它被称作库欣病。

But you do not need your adrenal cortex spouting off all the time.

但是你不需要你的上腺皮质一直喷涌。

In both adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, the cells of the zona fasciculata within the adrenal cortex start dividing abnormally and secrete excess cortisol.

在上腺腺瘤和上腺癌中，上腺皮质里束状带的细胞开始异分裂并分泌过多皮质醇。

There, it triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH.

在那里，它触发促上腺皮质激素或促上腺皮质激素的释放。

Second, cortisol starts cross-reacting with mineralocorticoid receptors, which normally only binds a related steroid hormone - mineralocorticoids which are secreted from the zona glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex.

第二，皮质醇对盐皮质激素受体产生交叉反应；此类受体一般只与一相关的类固醇激素结合，即从上腺皮质的球状带层分泌的盐皮质激素。

Like there's some In a medical setting, they will test your cortisol response to ACTH.

像在医疗环境中，他们会测试你对促上腺皮质激素的皮质醇反应。

1855 British physician Thomas Addison describes a disorder, later called Addison's disease, which occurs when the adrenal glands produce too little of the hormone cortisol.

1855年， 英国医生托马斯·阿狄森描述了一病症，后被称为阿狄森氏病， 该病发生于上腺分泌的激素皮质醇过少时。

To prevent levels from staying high for too long, cortisol suppresses the signal that causes the adrenal glands to release more cortisol.

为防止水平过高，皮质醇会抑制导致上腺释放更多皮质醇的信号。

The cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland.

皮质即上腺的外层。

D Our challenge and threat responses essentially influence how our body responds to stressful situations, as both affect the production of adrenaline and cortisol ?

D 我们的挑战和威胁反应从根本上影响我们的身体对压力情况的反应，这两者都影响上腺素和皮质醇的产生吗?