The cholecystokinin makes its way to the gallbladder, the thin walled, green sac snuggling up against the liver, and signals it to squeeze out some bile through the cystic and bile ducts into the small intestine.

当胆囊收缩素到达胆囊（即位于右方肋骨下肝脏后方的梨形囊），胆囊在激素信息的指引下开始收缩，将胆汁通过胆囊管和胆管排入小内。

As an October 2011 study in the New England Journal of Medicine says: " Caloric restriction results in acute compensatory changes, including profound reductions in energy expenditure and levels of leptin and cholecystokinin and increases in ghrelin and appetite."

正如 2011 年 10 月发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项研究所说：“热量限制会导致急性代偿性变化，包括能量消耗、瘦素和胆囊收缩素水平的显著降低，以及胃饥饿素和食欲的增加。”

It looked like a typical gallbladder attack. He was a 68-year-old man.

这看起来像是典型的胆囊疾病。他当时68岁，男性。

Mr. Sorrento, when we removed your wife's gallbladder, we found that there were calcifications.

Sorrento 先生，在我们你太太切除胆囊的过程中发现有钙化现象。

Well, the gallbladder is a tiny little bag that lives underneath the right lobe of the liver. As you can see here, it's attached via the cystic duct to the common bile duct.

嗯，胆囊是一个很小的小子，位于肝右叶下方正如你在这里看到的，它通过胆囊管连接到胆总管。

My gallbladder was working too hard because I was eating an unhealthy diet and not exercising enough, so inside my gallbladder, there were too big hard stones.

我的胆囊非常辛苦，因为我的饮食不健康，而且缺乏锻炼，所以我胆囊里的结石又大又硬。

Alright, as a quick recap: gallstone ileus is where repeated cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, cause a cholecystoenteric fistula to form, allowing gallstones to travel to the small bowel and become lodged, which can lead to mechanical obstruction.

得！快速回顾一下：胆石性梗阻是由于反复发作的胆囊炎，即胆囊炎性疾病，会导致胆囊形成，胆结石可由此直接进入小使其堵塞，引发机械性梗阻。

So with the price of college tuition being what it is, and my mother had that gallbladder operation, well, we're just a little tapped out at the moment.

我得负担孩子的大学学费，外加上我妈妈的胆囊炎手术费用，所以，现在手头并不宽裕。

But while your liver creates the bile, it gets stored and concentrated in the neighboring gallbladder, the thin, green sac cozied up to the liver.

但是当你的肝脏产生胆汁时，它被储存并集中在邻近的胆囊中，薄的，绿色的囊靠近肝脏。

An autopsy was said to have turned up a high concentration of bacteria in her gallbladder.

据说尸检发现她的胆囊里有高浓度的细菌。

Next is the small intestine, where most of the digestion and absorption occurs, with the help of the liver's bile coming from the gallbladder and the pancreatic enzymes.

食物随后进入小，消化与吸收主要在小进行；当然，由肝脏生成、在胆囊贮存的胆汁与胰酶对消化吸收也同样功不可没。

Less energy expenditure makes you more lethargic, less cholecystokinin means more hunger, less leptin signalling means more hunger and more ghrelin also means you're hungrier.

更少的能量消耗会让人更嗜睡，更少的胆囊收缩素、更少的瘦素信号以及更多的胃促生长素都会增加饥饿感。

If the gallstone is brown pigmented, it's often a sign of gallbladder or biliary tract infection, and often the stones have even ventured outside gallbladder and into the bile ducts.

如果胆结石是褐色的，它通常是胆囊或胆感染的征兆，并且通常此类结石有脱出胆囊并进入胆管的风险。

And I pulled out his chart because we were going to take him to the operating room to take out his gallbladder, and this remarkable story unfolded.

我拿出他的病历，因为我们要带他去手术室取出他的胆囊，这个非凡的故事展开了。

So your gallbladder has probably been long incinerated and is just a memory at this point.

所以你的胆囊可能早已被焚毁，此时只是记忆。

Why it starts to calcify though still remains a bit of a debate, though?

不过，胆囊钙化的原因尚有争议。

Mrs. Sorrento, you have acute cholecystitis, which means that your gallbladder may have to come out.

Sorrento 夫人，你得了急性胆囊炎，这意味着你的胆囊可能要被切掉。

I knew as much as she did. She was clueless about how to treat cystic fibrosis. A simple cholecystectomy turned into a month-long stay.

我知的和她一样多。她很清楚要怎么治疗胆囊纤维症。一个很简单的胆囊切除术，但要求一个月的卧床。

This is pretty much your gallbladder's job— store and concentrate bile until the time comes to send it to the small intestine.

这差不多就是胆囊工作的过程：储存并浓缩胆汁，然后将胆汁排入小。

This is where more enzymes are added from the pancreas to digest macronutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, while bile is added from the liver and gallbladder to help absorb fats.

这里有更多来自胰腺的酶消化营养素，包括蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪，而来自肝脏和胆囊的胆汁也帮忙吸收脂肪。