The so-called photic sneeze reflex, AKA the Autosomal Cholinergic Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst, abbreviated" ACHOO" … yes, seriously… is experienced by about 1 in 4 people, leading scientists to believe it is genetically heritable.

所谓的“强光喷嚏反射”，又称常染色体胆能性赫里奥眼突出症，简称“Achoo”… 是的，讲真… 大约有四分之一的人经历过，这使得科学家相认为它是会遗传的。

Similar to the earlier story of the little girl in the hospital lacking omega-3 fatty acids, Choline, found in things like broccoli and egg yolks, was another thing missing for a while from intravenously delivered nutrition.

类似于之前在医院里缺乏欧米伽-3脂肪酸的小女孩的故事，存在于西兰花和蛋黄中的胆是静脉注射液缺失的另一样营养素。

But - those same airways also have muscarinic receptors which can get stimulated by parasympathetic nerves, causing a decrease in the diameter of airways.

但是这些气道也有M胆受体，副交感经也可以激动它们，使气道收缩。

That's why we prefer the more slow-burn feeling we get when our brains release acetylcholine.

这也是为什么我们比较喜欢脑中酰胆时平稳和缓的感受。

One type of medication is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, like neostigmine or pyridostigmine.

其中一种药物是酰胆（AChE）抑制剂，如新斯的明或吡斯的明。

In that paper he showed that choline, a molecule found in eggs and meat, is digested by some gut bacteria to produce trimethylamine, which is then processed in the liver to create trimethylamine N-oxide, or TMAO—a substance that encourages atherosclerosis.

在那篇文章中，他说胆（一种存在于蛋和肉类中的分子）被某些肠道细菌消化生成三甲胺，然后三甲胺在肝脏中转化为氧化三甲胺（TMAO），这是一种有助于引发动脉粥样硬化的物质。

In the central nervous system, nicotinic receptors are on pre-synaptic axon terminals of neurons, and when nicotine binds to them, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, which is why it's considered an acetylcholine agonist.

在中枢经系统中，烟受体分布于突触前经元的轴突末端，当尼古丁与受体结合后，会触发多巴胺、酰胆、谷氨酸盐等经递质的，因此尼古丁被认为是一种酰胆受体兴奋剂。

For now you learned that your sympathetic nervous system controls your body's stress response and how the signals in your sympathetic nervous system travel to an effector, using the neurotransmitters acetylcholine in the ganglion and norepinephrine at the effector.

现在你知道了你的交感经系统控制你身体的压力反应，以及交感经系统中的信号如何传递到效应物，使用经节中的经递质酰胆和效应物处的去甲肾上腺素。

Symptoms of Schizophrenia appear when one of the neural circuit situated in the midbrain, called Substantia nigra, overproduce neurotransmitter called Dopamine and disrupts the balance between secretion of Dopamine and Acetylcholine.

当位于中脑的黑质经回路产生过量多巴胺，并破坏多巴胺和酰胆分泌之间的平衡时，就会出现精分裂症的症状。

The team of doctors who have examined Navalny since his arrival on Saturday had found the presence of " cholinesterase inhibitors" in his system, the statement said.

这份声明指出，自纳瓦尔尼周六抵达德国以来，医生团队对他进行了检查，发现他体内存在" 胆抑制剂" 。

She recommends eating energy-giving oats and eggs, which contain a nutrient called choline - thought to help cognitive performance and improve memory as we age.

她建议吃能提供能量的燕麦和鸡蛋，它们富含胆。据说随着年龄的增长，胆有助于改善认知能力并提高记忆力。

Even though this might be oversimplifying things a bit, the brain regions affected by HD have decreased GABA and acetylcholine, and increased dopamine levels.

尽管这可能有点过于简单化，但罹患HD患者的大脑内GABA和酰胆的水平减少，多巴胺水平增高。

The good news is that another compound called betaine might be able to do some of the work of choline.

好消息是，另一种叫做甜菜的化合物可能能起到胆的部分作用。

That happens when we concentrate, read, or focus our minds.

在我们专注、阅读或集中精的时候，脑中就会酰胆。

If you haven't heard of acetylcholine yet, you're gonna wanna remember that name.

如果你还没听说过酰胆，你会想记住这个名字的。

Once nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream, it binds to a type of acetylcholine receptor, called a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - also called a nicotinic receptor - which is found throughout the body and brain.

一旦尼古丁进入血液循环，它就会和一种酰胆受体结合，也称烟型酰胆受体或烟受体；这类受体广泛分布于身体和大脑中。

First you've got your motor neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which then binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on muscle cell membranes.

首先，你的运动经元在经肌肉接头处经递质酰胆（ACh），然后与肌肉细胞膜上的N胆受体相结合。

There are two important chemicals found in all our brains - dopamine and acetylcholine.

多巴胺和酰胆。

Unfortunately the consequence of leaving choline out of IV nutrition was that the subjects often developed fatty liver.

不幸的是，如果静脉注射液中缺乏胆，病人往往会长出脂肪肝。

Choline wasn't officially recognized as an essential nutrient by the Institute of Medicine until 1998.

但直到1998年，胆才正式被医学研究所认定为人体必需营养素。