The brownness is due to this mix of unconjugated or hydrolyzed bilirubin and phospholipids.

石的褐色源自未合红，或水解的红，和磷脂的混合物。

Usually though, bile salts bind up the calcium ions and keep them from binding with and precipitating unconjugated bilirubin.

通常情况下，盐会合钙离子，以此阻止钙离子与非合红合并沉淀。

Well, actually pigmented gallstones are made of unconjugated bilirubin.

而，事实上红石是由非合红构成的。

Since it's the bilirubin in bile, we'd maybe assume that they're made of conjugated bilirubin, right?

由于是中的红，我们大概会认为它们是由合红构成的，对吧？

I thought there was only conjugated bilirubin in bile?

这是怎么回事？难道里不是只有合红？

Alright, so the other type is bilirubin or pigmented gallstones.

红石，或称色石。

Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.

亚铁血红的循环利用会产生非合红，其浓度过高会导致巩膜黄染、黄疸与红石。

Jaundice actually occurs when your blood contains an excess of the molecule bilirubin.

当您的血液中含有过量的红分子时， 就会出现黄疸。

She was asymptomatic, and her bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were normal.

她无症状，红、碱性磷酸酶及谷氨酰转肽酶水平均正常。

And the doctors there didn't even know what a high bilirubin was, and I passed.

那里的医生甚至不知道高红是什么，但我通过了检查。

These ones, again, are pretty self-explanatory and are made mostly of bilirubin and therefore are pigmented.

这类石，顾名思义，主要由红构成，因此含有色。

In addition, serum amylase, lipase and bilirubin might sometimes be elevated.

此外，血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和红有时可能升高。

Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound that’s produced when old red blood cells are broken down.

红是一种淡黄色的废物合物，是在旧红细胞分解时产生的。

These are made when there's too much bilirubin in the bile and it has combined with calcium to form the solid precipitate calcium bilirubinate.

当中含有过量红时会形成此类石，由红与钙合形成固体沉淀物红钙。

Since they're made partly of calcium, they'll usually be radiopaque, meaning you can see them on x-ray, here's an example showing pigmented gallstones on x-ray.

因为红石部分由钙组成，故它们无法透过射线，意味着可在X光片上看到这些石，这里是一个色石在X射线下显影的例子。

He had high bilirubin levels in his blood, which is generally harmless on its own, but it was enough to flunk the physical.

他的血液中红水平偏高，这通常本身并无害处，但已足以导致体检不合格。

And, since the liver usually conjugates bilirubin, there'll be increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood from a less-functional liver and that can lead to jaundice.

还有，由于肝脏能把血液中过多的非合红转变成合红，肝脏功能减退还会引起的血液中非合红升高，引发黄疸。

Although cirrhosis usually affects adults, even newborns can have complications like jaundice, or buildup of bilirubin in the blood, on account of poor excretion by the liver.

尽管肝硬多见于成年人，但新生儿也可有相应并发症，如黄疸，或由于肝脏代谢不良导致血液中淤积红。

It manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin, removes poisons (detoxificatien) from the blood, stores and releases glycogen needed by the body.

它生产血浆蛋白，破坏衰老的红细胞并释放红，从血液中去除毒（解毒作用），储存和释放身体所需的糖原。

Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见的受累器官，细菌释放的毒破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致红释放入血液循环，在临床上表现为黄疸。