Dr Schwartz and his team coaxed embryonic stem cells to become retinal pigment epithelium tissue which supports the rod and cone cells that actually respond to light

他的团队诱导胚胎干细胞成视网膜色素上皮组织细胞－其中的杆细胞及锥晶细胞对光线敏感。

And I started to ask these questions together with some brilliant collaborators at Microsoft Research and the University of Cambridge, where together we wanted to understand the biological program running inside a unique type of cell: an embryonic stem cell.

我开软研究院与剑桥大学的一些出色的合作人士一起询问这些问题，我们想要了解在一种独特细胞中 运行的生物程序：胚胎干细胞（ ES 细胞）。

Like embryonic stem cells, they, too, can become any kind of cell in the body.

类似于胚胎干细胞，它们也能够成身体任何种类的细胞。

Medulloblastomas originate from embryonic stem cells and they tend to be extremely aggressive.

髓母细胞瘤来源于胚胎干细胞，它们往往极具侵袭性。

Cells derived from a donated early embryo were implanted into the retainer of the 60 year-old woman with age related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in the UK.

医生将胚胎干细胞移植到了一名患有老年黄斑变性的60岁女性患者体内，在英国，该疾病也是导致失明见的病因。

Unfortunately, it's the stem cells from embryos that have shown the biggest potential, for generating both a range of tissues and a ton of controversy.

不幸的是，只有胚胎干细胞的分化潜能是大的——无论是产生一系列组织还是一大堆争论。

The models are made from stem cells — simple cells in the body that can develop into one of many specialized cells.

胚胎模型是由干细胞制成的，干细胞是体内可以发育成多种特化细胞之一的简单细胞。

The models are made from stem cells – simple cells in the body that can develop into one of many specialized cells.

胚胎模型是由干细胞制成的，干细胞是体内可以发育成多种特化细胞之一的简单细胞。

Scientists have cloned for the first time human embryos that can produce stem cells opening the door for treatments of various diseases.

科学家首次克隆出了人类胚胎干细胞，不同疾病的治疗打开了大门。

Until now, two kinds of stem cells of human sources have been known: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.

目前已知的人类干细胞有两种：胚胎干细胞成体干细胞。

Geron, just last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries.

杰龙去年开第一次尝试用人类的胚胎干细胞治疗脊髓疾病。

Japanese researchers have grown teeth and even organs with embryonic stem cells from rats and mice.

日本研究人员已经利用老鼠小鼠的胚胎干细胞培育出了牙齿胰腺、肾脏等器官。

Some brain cells have a limited ability to be replaced, especially during injury, and they do it by having undifferentiated stem cells - called embryonic stem cells - in the brain activate and mature into a specialized cell.

一些脑细胞拥有有限的再生功能，特别是在损伤时——由一种未分化的干细胞——胚胎干细胞在大脑中激活并分化成某种专门细胞。

Embryonic stem cell has the ability to differentiate into any necessary type of body cells, while adult stem cell has limited differentiation of cells specific only to its tissue origin.

胚胎干细胞有能力分化任何必要类型的身体细胞，而成体干细胞的分化仅限于其组织来源的细胞。

In November, for example, a company in California cancelled what had been the first trial of human embryonic stem cells, in those with spinal injuries.

例如，去年11月，一家位于加州的公司取消了原定的首例人胚胎干细胞在脊髓损伤者身上的试验。

Embryonic stem cells, in particular, are “pluripotent”, meaning they are able to become any other type of cell.

“多能的”胚胎干细胞被再生医学家们寄予厚望，所谓“多能”就意味着这些干细胞可以分化出多种其他类型的细胞。

These are regular skin, fat, liver, or other cells that scientists have changed to behave like embryonic stem cells.

这些细胞可以是普通的表皮、脂肪、肝或者其他种类的细胞，而科学家们已经能够将它们转变具有胚胎干细胞功能的细胞。

Unlike tissue-specific stem cells, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.

与组织特异性干细胞不同，胚胎干细胞有很多种功能。

Embryonic stem cells are created from leftover embryos that are willingly donated by patients from fertility clinics.

胚胎干细胞可以从多余的胚胎细胞中获得，这些胚胎细胞是由生育诊所一些愿意捐赠的患者那获得的。

Stem cells found in embryos can spin off a wide range of tissue types.

胚胎干细胞可以分化成多种组织类型。