The process of turning carbs into fat is called de novo lipogenesis.

将碳水化合物转换成肪的过程叫新生。

Solubility is important because your cell membranes are made of lipids.

溶解性很重要，因细胞膜是由组成的。

This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解叫做GM2神经节苷的。

Just like the proteins, these lipids can also get into the urine, causing hyperlipiduria.

正如蛋白样，这些也能进入尿中，称高尿。

Most of the weight of your dehydrated brain would come from fats, also known as lipids.

脱水后的脑，其多数的重量来自肪，亦称。

So when you heat vegetable oils, free radicals as well as small lipid fragments called aldehydes can form.

所以，当被加时，菜油会产生自由基和叫乙醛的碎片。

To anything on a molecular scale water becomes a kind of heavy-duty gel, and a lipid is like iron.

在分子的层面上，对于任何东西而言，水成了重型凝胶，而简直就像钢铁样。

Their tails, which are similarly repulsed by water, compete for space with the lipids that make up the virus's shell.

它们疏水的尾部会与构成病毒外壳的争夺空间。

These lipids are pin shaped molecules whose heads are attracted to water, and tails are repulsed by it.

这些是呈大头针状的分子，头部具有亲水性，尾部具有疏水性。

Their shared reaction to water makes the lipids stick loosely together—this is called the hydrophobic effect.

头尾对水的反应让分子松散地附着在起，这就是疏水效应。

Without digestive enzymes, fat might pass right through the intestines undigested, leading to greasy and smelly stools—called steatorrhea.

没有了消化酶，可能还没被消化就通过了小肠，导致大便油腻发臭——这被称“肪泻”。

Third, there's a lipid called an ionizable lipid.

第三，有叫做可电离的。

It plays a similar role in our lipid nanoparticles.

它在我们的纳米颗粒中起着类似的作用。

So in water-rich environments, lipids naturally form a shell like this, with the heads outside and the tails inside.

因此在富含水的环境中，自然地形成了个壳，壳外侧由头部构成，内侧由尾部构成。

Meanwhile, lipid- or fat-soluble molecules, like oxygen and carbon dioxide, can dissolve and then diffuse across the endothelial cell membranes.

同时，或溶性分子，如氧气和二氧化碳，可溶解并通过内皮细胞膜扩散。

But they're just different enough to break up the regularity of the virus's membrane, making the whole thing come crashing down.

尾部与病毒外壳的差异足以打破病毒表面的成膜规则，导致整个膜结构的破碎。

A single drop of any brand of soap contains quadrillions of molecules called amphiphiles, which resemble biological lipids.

小块任何品牌的香皂都包含着千万亿叫做两亲化合物的分子，类似生物。

Now, west nile virus enters host cells using a lipid membrane protein called E2 in a process called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

西尼罗河病毒利用双分子层上的包膜蛋白（E）通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入宿主细胞。

So what, exactly, are the lipids in these nanoparticles?

那么，这些纳米颗粒中的到底是什么？

Either way, though, when you eat lipids, your body breaks down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

然而，不管怎样，当你吃时，你的身体会将甘油三酯分解成甘油和肪酸。