Instead, they rely on outside forces to transport their tiny pollen grains from male flower parts to female ones.

取而代之的是，它们依靠外部力量将微小的粒从雄转移到。

Some pollen grains get stuck to the bee's fuzzy, sticky body.

些粒粘在蜜蜂毛茸茸、粘稠的身体上。

How many pollen grains are there in one, as it were, voyage?

次“旅程”中大约有多少粒？

And during that visit, the insect got pollen grains stuck to the base of its mouthparts.

在那次访问期间，这种昆虫 的口器底部粘有粒。

The pollen grain itself contains only usually about three cells, so the sperm cell and another cell or two.

粒本身通常只包含大约三个细胞，即个精细胞和另外至两个细胞。

The scientists write that the flies could be transporting billions of grains of pollen across the continent, all while working to exterminate pests.

在文章中，科学家们称食蚜蝇能数跨越美洲运输十亿颗粒，与此时还能努力消灭害虫。

And then they have to transport that pollen grain to another plant where the sperm can fertilize the egg cell.

然后，它们需要将这颗粒运送到另株植物上，以便其中的精子能够使卵细胞受精。

Until 1905 when Einstein theorized that this phenomenon was caused by as-yet-unproven atomic particles actually smacking into the grains of pollen.

直到 1905 年， 爱因斯坦提出理论，认为这种现象是尚未证实的原子粒子实际撞击粒引起的。

And so what plants do is they take their male sex cells, the sperm cells, and they package them up into a pollen grain.

因此，植物的做法是，它们将雄性生殖细胞——精子细胞——包裹进粒中。

A pollinium, when highly developed, consists of a mass of pollen-grains, affixed to an elastic foot-stalk or caudicle, and this to a little mass of extremely viscid matter.

高度发育的大量粒组成， 附着在有弹性的足柄或叶柄上， 而这又是小团极其粘稠的物质。

The idea in pollination is if an animal or the wind or whatever takes pollen from a stamen and deposits it on these stigmas, you can see some pollen grains dropped off here.

授的概念是，如果动物或风或其他什么东西从雄蕊中获取，并将其沉积在这些柱头上，你可以看到这里掉下了些粒。

They can figure out basically how to have sex through the air. Their pollen grains are beautifully evolved, adapted, to being able to soar along and, eventually find another member of their species.

它们基本上可以弄清楚如何通过空气进行交配。它们的粒经过了美妙的进化和适应，能够飞翔，最终找到它们物种的另个成员。

When an insect visits a flower of this kind, it rubs off some of the viscid matter, and thus at the same time drags away some of the pollen-grains.

当只昆虫访问这种时， 它会擦掉些粘性物质， 从而时带走些粒。

And one of these flies found in Spanish amber dating to 105 million years ago actually had a clump of pollen grains in the hairs on its back -- from an extinct gymnosperm plant.

而在西班牙琥珀中发现的只距今1亿零500万年的苍蝇背上，实际上有团来自已灭绝裸子植物的粒。

And while it's hard to catch an insect in the act of pollinating, the fossil record gives us several lines of indirect evidence of pollination, like specialized plant structures, specialized insect mouthparts, and pollen grains.

虽然很难捕捉到昆虫正在授的瞬间，但化石记录为我们提供了几种间接证据，比如特化的植物结构、特化的昆虫口器以及粒。

That this is the origin of the caudicle, even when of considerable length and highly developed, we have good evidence in the aborted pollen-grains which can sometimes be detected embedded within the central and solid parts.

这就是叶柄的起源， 即使在叶柄相当长且高度发达的情况下，我们在粒的败育中也有很好的证据， 有时可以检测到粒嵌在中央和实心部分中。

So these are the kind of two commodities that were on offer as payment, effectively, for that taxi service of getting your pollen from plant A to plant B. Do you want to come in now, Lars?

因此，这两种物品——即便是普通的雏菊粒，也是极其美丽的——被提供作为报酬，实际上是支付那种将你的从植物A运送到植物B的“出租车服务”。拉尔斯，你现在想进来吗？

Having found a female tree exactly sixty yards from a male tree, I put the stigmas of twenty flowers, taken from different branches, under the microscope, and on all, without exception, there were a few pollen-grains, and on some a profusion.

在距离棵雄树正好 60 码处找到棵树后， 我把从不树枝上摘下的 20 朵的柱头放在显微镜下，所有的无例外地有些粒， 而在些粒上则是大量的.