Finally, children with sickle cell typically get prophylaxis with penicillin and an additional polysaccharide vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae to help prevent sepsis and meningitis with encapsulated bacteria.

最后，镰状细胞病儿童通会预防性使用青霉素以及其它多糖疫苗，以对抗肺炎链球，有助于预防荚膜引发败血症和脑膜炎。

Klebsiella has an abundant polysaccharide capsule which leads to the formation of very mucoid and viscous pink colonies.

克雷伯杆具有很厚多糖成分荚膜，所以可以产生很多黏性物质使得落非粘稠。

Having an absent or non-functional spleen means a person is susceptible to encapsulated bacteria - like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella species - since encapsulated bacteria are normally opsonized and then phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen.

无脾或脾功能丧失使人容易染荚膜，例如肺炎链球、嗜血杆、脑膜炎奈瑟与沙门氏，因为荚膜通被脾脏巨噬细胞调理并吞噬。

Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of food poisoning, in fact, it's sometimes called " the cafeteria germ" .

产气荚膜梭，是引起食物见病原体；事实上，它有时被称为“自助餐细”。

Some bacteria are covered by a capsule which acts as a shield that protects the bacteria against phagocytosis and also helps the bacteria adhere to surfaces.

有些细被荚膜包被，可以作为保护细免受吞噬作用屏障，并帮助细附着在细胞表面上。

Underneath the capsule, there's an outer membrane, which consist of lipopolysaccharides, or LPS.

荚膜下面是一层外膜，主要成分是脂多糖（LPS）。

Now, instead of getting into food, Clostridium perfringens can also sometimes get into a wound.

此外，除了污染食物，产气荚膜梭有时也会染伤口。

This can happen when wounds are made by dirty, sharp objects, that come into contact with soil that's rich with Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes, like gardening or farming equipment.

当伤口由如园艺或农场工具等土壤污染锐器造成时，会发生染，是因为土壤可能富含产气荚膜梭以及其他厌氧。

This capsule is a major virulence factor because of its antiphagocytic ability.

荚膜具有抗吞噬作用，所以是其主要力因子。

And some of them will have a capsule on the outside of that.

其一些在细胞膜外还包裹着一层荚膜。

Clostridium perfringens results in gascrine green, which is answer choice A. Answer choice B of painless necrotic ulcers and answer choice C of oil-like skin lesions is usually seen in cutaneous anthrax.

产气荚膜梭（Clostridium perfringens）引发病症表现为绿色气体积聚，对应选项A。 而选项B所述无痛性坏死性溃疡及选项C油状皮肤损伤， 通是皮肤炭疽病特征性表现。

The symptoms of Clostridium perfringens enteritis include abdominal cramping, watery diarrhea, and vomiting.

产气荚膜梭性肠炎症状包括腹部绞痛、水样泻、呕吐。

There's been an outbreak of salmonella and clostridium perfringens, another bacterial infection, in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

AZUZ：美国路易斯安那州爆发了沙门氏和产气荚膜梭，这是另一种细染。

They were able to extract and grow an ancient strain of a bacteria called Clostridium perfringens.

他们成功提取并培养出一种名为产气荚膜梭古老细株。

Specifically, bacterial infections with encapsulated bacteria.

具体来说，是有荚膜细细染。

Most of the bacteria that do make it out of the permafrost don't infect humans, and the ones that can, like anthrax and Clostridium.

大多数能够从永久冻土逃逸出来细并不会染人类，而那些能够染人类，比如炭疽杆和产气荚膜梭。

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning typically causes mild symptoms, lasts about a day, and resolves without antibiotics.

产气荚膜梭食物产生症状比较轻微，持续约一天，无需抗生素可自行缓解。

But uncooked food - like salads, or reheated food - like leftovers, can be a good home to Clostridium perfringens.

而如沙拉等生食或二次加热剩菜等食物，可以成为产气荚膜梭优良培养基。

Clostridium perfringens are found out in the environment and they can accidentally contaminate food when it's been left out for a while.

产气荚膜梭在我们身边环境就有；它们可能恰巧污染了放置在外面一阵子食物。

In the lab, when doing a gram stain, Clostridium perfringens is Gram-positive, or purple when Gram stained, and look like big cylinders or rods, also called bacilli.

实验室做革兰氏染色时，产气荚膜梭显紫色（革兰氏阳性）：很像个大圆柱或棒子，因此也叫杆。