I mean, they transmit leptospirosis and hantavirus.

我是说，他们可能会 传染体或是汉他毒。

Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

钩端体也是一种能动菌，因为它有可以帮助运动鞭毛。

Rats can spread diseases like leptospirosis, which can lead to kidney and liver failure.

老鼠可能会传播钩端体等疾，这种疾可能会导致肾和肝脏衰竭。

Most commonly, Leptospira gets into the host system via abrasions or cuts on the skin.

钩端体一般通过皮肤表面创口进入宿主体内。

There are also tick-borne causes of meningitis like Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria - which the cause of Lyme disease.

脑膜炎也有蜱传播因，比如像莱姆体菌，这也是莱姆因。

Sometimes magnetic fields can twist plasma in the Sun's atmosphere into majestic helical shapes called " flux ropes" .

有时磁场会将太阳大气层中等离子体扭曲，成为被称做“通量绳”宏伟体。

Leptospirosis is treated with penicillin G, and doxycycline can be used as an alternative.

钩端体治疗主要施用抗生素苄青霉素，多西环素可作为备选。

The Leptospira genus has over 20 species, and the most common species that causes leptospirosis in humans is Leptospira interrogans.

钩端体属有超过20种亚属，其中问号钩端体（Leptospira interrogans）是导致类钩端体最常见致菌。

Leptospira causes a zoonotic infection called leptospirosis, which has two phases.

钩端体会导致一种名为钩端体畜共通传染，其有两个阶段。

Lyme disease, you know, it's a spirochete.

莱姆，你知道，它是一种体。

It's important to reflect that only 10% of cases of leptospirosis ever move to Vile's disease.

重要是要认识到，只有10%钩端体例会发展为维尔氏。

And researchers have found that bones from this era suggest the presence of tuberculosis and treponemal infections.

研究员发现，这个时代骨头表明存在结核和密体感染。

Probably one of the worst ones that people know about is Vile's disease, a type of leptospirosis.

们所知最严重疾之一可能是维尔氏，这是一种钩端体。

Alright, as a quick recap, leptospira is a genus of tiny spiral gram-negative bacteria that can be seen under a darkfield microscope.

得！快速回顾一下：钩端体是一种小革兰氏阴性菌，它可以在暗视野显微镜中被观察到。

Meanwhile, in local news, health officials warn that leptospirosis transmitted by rat urine is on the rise in New York City.

与此同时，在当地新闻中，卫生官员警告说，由老鼠尿液传播钩端体在纽约市呈上升趋势。

And suddenly you find a huge coil of hardened sand stuck deep in the earth, about three and a half meters tall.

突然你会发现一根巨大沙质硬块体深深嵌入地下，大约有三米多高。

They include cat-scratch fever from our cats, leptospirosis from our dogs, psittacosis from our chickens and parrots, and brucellosis from our cattle.

它们包括来自我们猫猫抓热、来自我们狗钩端体、来自我们鸡和鹦鹉鹦鹉热以及来自我们牛布鲁氏菌。

Now, Leptospira is a tiny spiral bacteria, that stains poorly with Gram staining, because it doesn't retain the Gram dyes well, so it's classically considered gram-negative.

钩端体是一种小形菌，革兰氏染色效果较差，因为它不能很好地保留染色剂，所以通常认为它是一种革兰氏阴性菌。

It's also too tiny to be seen with a light microscope, so to visualize it, you need a darkfield microscope with use of immunofluorescence is required.

这种菌也因为体型太而难以在光学显微镜下显像，所以为了能够看见钩端体，们需要使用暗视野显微镜以及荧光染色剂。

Better established is Lyme disease, caused by a spirochete that we get from the bite of ticks carried by mice and deer.

比较确定是莱姆，它是由老鼠和鹿携带蜱虫叮咬后感染体引起。