One more thing: Aldosterone secretion, combined with blood vessel constriction due to impairment of nitric oxide synthesis — another consequence of this renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increases blood pressure.

还有，醛固酮分泌，加上因一氧化氮合成障碍引起的收，将导致 RAA 系统活跃带来的另一个后果——高压。

It also constrict blood vessels, and incidentally the vasoconstrictor drug called vasopressin is just ADH.

同时ADH也可以收，而一种名为升压素的收类药物其实就是ADH。

In cigarettes, this releases nicotine which is absorbed into your bloodstream through the lungs, causing increased heart rate, constricted blood vessels, release of dopamine in the brain and feelings of alertness.

在香烟中的尼古丁会释放出来。尼古丁通过肺部后被吸入液中，导致心率加快，收，大脑中的多巴胺被释放出来，因此还可以用来提神。

Nicotine causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the outermost layers of the skin, while the chemicals in tobacco smoke damage collagen and elastin, fibres which give the skin its elasticity.

尼古丁会导致皮最外层的收，而烟雾中的化学物质会损害那些赋予肌弹性的胶原蛋白和弹力蛋白。

It's also metabolized by the liver, and cocaine causes capillaries in the mouth and esophagus to constrict, making it harder for it get absorbed.

可卡因被肝脏代谢，也能够导致口腔毛细和食毛细的收，这使得药物更难被吸收。

After about a minute, the blood vessels near your skin clamp shot and blood starts moving towards your core to protect vital organs.

大约一分钟后，你皮的收，液开始流向你的核心以保护重要器官。

The vessels feeding your digestive organs constrict, which increases resistance there, so more blood goes to the skeletal muscles in your legs.

喂养消化器官的收，这增加了那里的阻力，所以更多的液流向你腿上的骨骼肌。

If you were to put yourself into a cold environment, we would experience in our vasculature, something known as vasoconstriction.

如果你把自己放在一个寒冷的环境中，我们的系统就会出现一种叫做收的现象。

It’s thought that this extreme constriction of blood vessels was an evolutionary advantage for humans.

人们认为，这种的极度收是人类的进化优势。

High concentrations of vasopressin can also cause your blood vessels to constrict.

高浓度的加压素/抗利尿激素也会导致你的收。

Cold temperature can make you feel like you’re having a brain freeze, probably because it’s making the blood vessels inside of your nose constrict.

低温会让你感觉像是出现了脑freeze，可能是因为它导致了你鼻子里的收。

And what that means, come to expect it, is that coffee has chemicals in it that will constrict your blood vessels everywhere.

这意味着， 可以预期的是，咖啡中含有能让全身收的化学物质。

Because when we're looking at that severe immediate jump into that icy cold, it causes such severe constriction and shutdown.

因为当我们突然接触到极冷的环境时，它会导致严重的收和身体机能关闭。

But even when they use it in surgery, and they use 100 milligrams plus, these people don't get vasoconstriction.

即便在手术中使用美蓝，且剂量超过100毫克， 这些患者也不会出现收的情况。

In another heat-preserving response -- called vasoconstriction -- blood vessels temporarily narrow.

在另一种称为收的保温反应中， 会暂时变窄。

Is it the vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation that comes from nicotine itself?

是尼古丁本身引起的收和压升高吗？

Okay, I think I have a good handle on the three different vasoconstrictors that we have.

好的，我觉得我对这三种不同的收剂已经有了很好的掌握。

So like, what I found very interesting about methanol blue is that I think there's a lot of like, compensation mechanisms that's going on that we don't know about, where it inhibits nitric oxide, but these people don't get vasoconstriction.

所以， 我发现美蓝非常有趣的一点是，我认为其中存在许多我们尚未了解的补偿机制，它抑制了一氧化氮， 但这些人并没有出现收的情况。

And, Noah, why don't you summarize the different vasoconstrictors maybe in reverse order to cement it a different way?

还有，诺亚，你能不能反过来总结一下不同的收剂，用另一种方式帮助记忆？

I have to imagine the answer is yes, given what you said earlier about vasoconstriction versus vasodilation.

我想答案是肯定的，考虑到你之前关于收与舒张的说法。