Instead, they're made up of genetic material enclosed within a protein shell called a capsid.

相反，由遗传物质组成，被包裹在一种叫做的蛋白质外中。

The nucleic acid and the capsid are collectively called a nucleocapsid.

酸与，统称为。

And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

它们之所以是“裸露的”，因为没有被脂质膜覆盖。

The capsid binds to the nucleus and injects it with viral DNA, where it's copied.

与细胞结合并且释DNA，在此它可以进行复制。

Some virions have a phospholipid membrane derived from the host cell called an envelope, which surrounds the nucleocapsid.

有些粒子具有来源于宿主细胞的磷脂膜，称为囊膜；囊膜包绕着。

Once inside the cell, the virus enters the intracellular state where the capsid is removed and the virus becomes active.

一旦进入细胞，就进入细胞内状态，它们脱去，开始变得活跃。

Also, according to their capsid symmetry, the viruses can come in many shapes and sizes.

此外，根据态的对称性，可以有多种状和大小。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻引发的，它有一种称为“”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

Exactly. Unlike your typical PICIs, these CFPICIs can build their own like protective shells called capsids.

没错。与典型的 PICIs 不同，这些 CFPICIs 可以构建它们自己类似保护的结构，称为 (capsids)。

Yeah. Um, specifically we'll be exploring, you know, a unique family known as capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands.

是的。具体来说，我们将探索一个独特的家族，被称为成噬菌体诱导染色体岛 (capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands)。

The capsid and viral DNA fuse together.

与DNA融合。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由鼻引发的，它有一种称为“”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

That's the idea. The AI even thought that maybe CFPICI capsids could just penetrate bacterial membranes directly.

这就是这个想法。人工智能甚至认为，也许CFPICI可以直接穿透细菌膜。

Right. But when phages are present, they increase production of these tailless capsids.

是的。但是当噬菌体存在时，它们会增加这些无尾的产量。

Yes, let's delve a bit deeper into the mechanics. CFPICIs can make these tailless capsids on their own.

是的，让我们更深入地探讨一下其机制。CFPICIs 可以自行制造这些无尾。

The viral genes are transcribed into RNA and go over to the ribosomes, where they are translated into capsid proteins.

的基因被转录为RNA，然后被转运到糖体，并且在此处被翻译为蛋白。

The capsid doesn't have nearly as many weak points where soap amphiphiles can pry it apart, so it takes longer for soap to be effective.

并没有那么多能让香皂中两亲化合物撬开的破绽，因此香皂需要更长时间才能起作用。

Varicella zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus, protected by a protein coat called capsid, which is enveloped in a lipid membrane.

水痘带状疱疹是双链DNA，被一种叫的蛋白质包膜保护，而它又被脂质层包裹。

West Nile virus is also an " enveloped virus" because the capsid is covered by a lipid membrane.

该还是有包囊的，因为外有一层脂质层。

One solution to the delivery problem, proposed by Aera Therapeutics of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a capsid, a nanoparticle with a protein shell.

马萨诸塞州剑桥的 Aera Therapeutics 公司提出的一种解决输送问题的方法就是使用，即带有蛋白质外的纳米颗粒。