Instead, they're made up of genetic material enclosed within a protein shell called a capsid.

相反，病毒由遗传物质组成，被包裹在一种叫做衣壳的蛋白质外壳中。

The nucleic acid and the capsid are collectively called a nucleocapsid.

病毒酸与衣壳，统称为衣壳。

And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

们之所以是“裸露的”，因为衣壳没有被脂质膜覆盖。

The capsid binds to the nucleus and injects it with viral DNA, where it's copied.

衣壳与细胞结合并且释放病毒DNA，在此可以进行复制。

Some virions have a phospholipid membrane derived from the host cell called an envelope, which surrounds the nucleocapsid.

有些病毒粒子有源于宿主细胞的磷脂膜，称为囊膜；囊膜包绕着衣壳。

Once inside the cell, the virus enters the intracellular state where the capsid is removed and the virus becomes active.

一旦进入细胞，病毒就进入细胞内，们脱去衣壳，开始变得活跃。

Also, according to their capsid symmetry, the viruses can come in many shapes and sizes.

此外，根据衣壳形的对称性，病毒可以有多种形和大小。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

Exactly. Unlike your typical PICIs, these CFPICIs can build their own like protective shells called capsids.

没错。与典型的 PICIs 不同，这些 CFPICIs 可以构建们自己类似保护壳的结构，称为衣壳 (capsids)。

Yeah. Um, specifically we'll be exploring, you know, a unique family known as capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands.

是的。体说，我们将探索一个独特的家族，被称为衣壳形成噬菌体诱导染色体岛 (capsid-forming phage-inducible chromosomal islands)。

The capsid and viral DNA fuse together.

衣壳与病毒DNA融合。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

That's the idea. The AI even thought that maybe CFPICI capsids could just penetrate bacterial membranes directly.

这就是这个想法。人工智能甚至认为，也许CFPICI衣壳可以直接穿透细菌膜。

Right. But when phages are present, they increase production of these tailless capsids.

是的。但是当噬菌体存在时，们会增加这些无尾衣壳的产量。

Yes, let's delve a bit deeper into the mechanics. CFPICIs can make these tailless capsids on their own.

是的，让我们更深入地探讨一下其机制。CFPICIs 可以自行制造这些无尾衣壳。

The viral genes are transcribed into RNA and go over to the ribosomes, where they are translated into capsid proteins.

病毒的基因被转录为RNA，然后被转运到糖体，并且在此处被翻译为衣壳蛋白。

The capsid doesn't have nearly as many weak points where soap amphiphiles can pry it apart, so it takes longer for soap to be effective.

衣壳并没有那么多能让香皂中两亲化合物撬开的破绽，因此香皂需要更长时间才能起作用。

Varicella zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus, protected by a protein coat called capsid, which is enveloped in a lipid membrane.

水痘带疱疹病毒是双链DNA病毒，被一种叫衣壳的蛋白质包膜保护，而又被脂质层包裹。

West Nile virus is also an " enveloped virus" because the capsid is covered by a lipid membrane.

该病毒还是有包囊的病毒，因为衣壳外有一层脂质层。

One solution to the delivery problem, proposed by Aera Therapeutics of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a capsid, a nanoparticle with a protein shell.

马萨诸塞州剑桥的 Aera Therapeutics 公司提出的一种解决输送问题的方法就是使用衣壳，即带有蛋白质外壳的纳米颗粒。