Which genes are active in a cell can be changed by making chemical alterations (known as epigenetic markers) to their DNA.

细胞中哪些基因是活跃，这是能够通过改DNA学分（表观遗传学标志物）而改。

But if you think about the area that the twin study was involved in things like say, identifying what might be epigenetic damage to the geno that might proceed the development of mutations that could lead to cancer risk.

但是如果你想想双生子研究涉及领域，比如，确定引起基因表观遗传损伤加快基因突从而导致患癌风险因素。

That's exactly right and that's what apparent motion is about.

完全正确，这就是表观运动意义所在。

These changes can happen during a lifetime, and may even be passed to offspring — but so far researchers are conflicted over whether epigenetic modifications can really persist over many generations and lead to lasting changes in populations.

遗传适应是终生，甚至可能传给后代。但到目前为止，研究者仍在争论表观遗传是否可以传给多代后代，对族群长久影响。

And the exciting thing about epigenetics is even though every cell in your body has essentially the same DNA, your epigenetics is what gives cells their identity, it's what makes a skin cell different from a brain cell.

而表观遗传学令人兴奋地方是，即使你体内每个细胞都具有基本相同 DNA，但你表观遗传学是赋予细胞身份东西，正是它导致了皮肤细胞与脑细胞不同。

Well, a recent UCLA study used epigenetics to propose that everyone has a gay gene, but it's whether or not the attachment of a methyl group to specific regions of DNA is triggered and turns it on.

加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)最近一项研究利用表观遗传学提出，每个人都有一个同性恋基因，但关键是一个甲基对DNA特定区域连接是否被触发并激活。

And — as Sarah Merrill, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia, has studied — there is an epigenetic influence, or how our social relationships in early life change the expression of our genes.

而且如英属哥伦比亚大学博士后 Sarah Merrill 曾研究过那样，存在表观遗传影响，或者说我们早期生活中社会关系如何改了基因表达。

While we have been able to connect specific epigenetic changes to health effects in mice, we're a long way off from being able to make those connections in humans.

虽然我们已经能够将特定表观遗传与小鼠健康影响联系起来，但我们离能够在人类身上建立这些联系还有很长路要走。

Epigenetics. It's basically the set of processes that turn parts of the genome on or off. And this normally happens is through something called DNA methylation.

答案是表观遗传学。它是一系列可以打开或关闭部分基因组过程，通常通过一种叫做DNA甲基方式发生。

In the word " epigenetic" , " epi" means outside of, and " genetic" refers to the DNA sequence of A's, C's, G's, and T's.

（表观遗传）这个词中，“epi”表示在...外面，“genetic”表示A、T、C、G组DNA序列。

The parallax effect describes a difference in the apparent position of an object when it is seen along two different lines of sight.

视差效应描述了当物体沿着两条不同视线观察时，物体表观位置不同。

That means if you can measure their period, you can determine how far away they are simply by measuring their apparent brightness.

这意味着如果你可以测量它们周期，你就可以通过测量它们表观亮度来确定它们离我们有多远。

Humans cannot survive combinations of high heat and high humidity that rise above an index temperature called " wet-bulb 35."

当温度和湿度上升到一个叫做“35 度湿球温度”表观温度时，人类是无法存活。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数表观遗传学研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种不好事情。

The epigenome can be changed by the environment. And those changes pass from one generation of worms to the next.

表观基因组可以被环境改，这些改从一代蠕虫传递到下一代。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科学家经常使用遗传学和表观遗传学来识别可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关基因。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些表观遗传学标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

But in epimutations it doesn't get erased and gets passed on.

但是表观突不会消失，而是一直传递。

Mr. Sabanayagam says identifying epigenomic marks is important for human studies in the future.

Sabanayagam说识别表观基因组性状对未来人类研究来说很重要。

These switches, called " epigenetic tags, " are why a kidney cell looks and acts differently than a skin or nerve cell, even though all three cells' have identical DNA.

这些开关被称为 “表观遗传标记”，这就是为什么就算有相同 DNA，肾细胞外观和功能都不同于皮肤细胞或神经元细胞。