As gymnosperms declined, angiosperms or flowering plants filled the niches  they left behind.

随着裸子植的衰落，被子植或开花植填补了它们留下的生态位。

The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

一些现代裸子植的甜花粉滴 仍然吸引授粉的苍蝇和飞蛾。

Analysis of the pollen showed that it was mostly from a mix of gymnosperm plants, including cycads and ginkgos.

对花粉的分析表明， 它主要来自裸子植的混合，包括苏铁和银杏。

The lacewing fossilized with pollen on its mouthparts shows how pollination began between ancient groups of insects and gymnosperm plants.

口器带有花粉的草蛉化石表明，古代昆虫群体和裸子植之间的授粉是如何开始的。

These specialized structures of early gymnosperms weren't big cones like you'd see on a pine tree today.

早期裸子植的这些特殊结构并不像你今天在松树看到的那样大。

They're the most diverse group of land plants, with around 300,000 known species, while today's gymnosperms number around 1000 species.

它们是最多样化的陆生植群，已知有 300,000 种， 而今天的裸子植有 1000 种。

It was actually something between  a fern and a group of woody plants that exists today called gymnosperms, which includes conifers and gingkos.

它实际介于蕨类植和今天存在的称为裸子植的一组木本植之间，其中包括针叶树和银杏。

So, beetles may have been the insects that were best able to shift from their relationships with gymnosperms to the new resources offered up by angiosperms.

因此，甲虫可能是最能从与裸子植的关系转向被子植提供的新资源的昆虫。

The stage for insect pollination was set possibly as far back as the Permian Period, when insects are thought to have started feeding on gymnosperm plant fluids.

昆虫授粉的阶段可能最早可追溯到二叠纪时期，当时人们认为昆虫已经开始以裸子植的液体为食。

And one of these flies found in Spanish amber dating to 105 million years ago actually had a clump of pollen grains in the hairs on its back -- from an extinct gymnosperm plant.

在 1.05 亿年前的西班牙琥珀中发现的其中一只苍蝇实际在其背部的毛发中有一团花粉粒——来自一种已灭绝的裸子植。

The relationships that took root between insects and gymnosperm plants transformed pollination the first time - and some of those relationships have continued to this day, while others ended in extinction.

昆虫和裸子植之间扎根的关系第一次改变了授粉——其中一些关系一直持续到今天，而另一些则以灭绝告终。

But, ultimately, many of the specialized gymnosperm pollinators would go extinct, including the ancient lacewings around 100 million years ago, and that group of true flies and certain groups of scorpionflies about 94 million years ago.

但是，最终，许多专门的裸子植传粉者将会灭绝，包括大 1 亿年前的古老草蛉，以及大 9400 万年前的那群真蝇和某些蝎子群。