As gymnosperms declined, angiosperms or flowering plants filled the niches  they left behind.

随着裸子植的衰落，被子植或开花植填补了它们留下的生态位。

Like the scorpionflies and lacewings, these true flies were thriving on the reproductive structures of gymnosperms, not angiosperms.

就像蝎蛉草蛉样，这真正的蝇类在裸子植的繁殖结构上繁盛，而不是被子植。

The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

代裸子植的甜花滴 仍然吸引授的苍蝇飞蛾。

But, ultimately, many of the specialized gymnosperm pollinators would go extinct, including the ancient lacewings around 100 million years ago, and that group of true flies and certain groups of scorpionflies about 94 million years ago.

但最终，许多特化的裸子植者会灭绝，包括大约亿年前的古代草蛉，以及大约九千四百万年前的类真蝇某蝎蛉群体。

The relationships that took root between insects and gymnosperm plants transformed pollination the first time - and some of those relationships have continued to this day, while others ended in extinction.

昆虫与裸子植之间建立的关系首次改变了授方式——而其中的关系直延续到今天，另则以灭绝告终。

These specialized structures of early gymnosperms weren't big cones like you'd see on a pine tree today.

这早期裸子植的特化结构并不是像今天松树上看到的那种大球果。

And one of these flies found in Spanish amber dating to 105 million years ago actually had a clump of pollen grains in the hairs on its back -- from an extinct gymnosperm plant.

而在西班牙琥珀中发的只距今1亿零500万年的苍蝇背上，实际上有团来自已灭绝裸子植的花粒。

The stage for insect pollination was set possibly as far back as the Permian Period, when insects are thought to have started feeding on gymnosperm plant fluids.

昆虫授的舞台可能早在二叠纪时期就已经搭建好了，当时昆虫被认为开始以裸子植的液汁为食。

So, beetles may have been the insects that were best able to shift from their relationships with gymnosperms to the new resources offered up by angiosperms.

因此，甲虫可能是最能从与裸子植的关系转向被子植所提供新资源的昆虫。

They're the most diverse group of land plants, with around 300,000 known species, while today's gymnosperms number around 1000 species.

它们是陆生植中最多样化的组，已知有约30万种， 而当今的裸子植则有大约1000种。

So, by the Cretaceous Period, long, tube-like mouthparts adapted to reach into gymnosperms had appeared in scorpionflies, lacewings, and true flies, evolving multiple times across these groups.

因此， 到了白垩纪时期， 适应于伸入裸子植的长管状口器已经在蝎蛉、草蛉真蝇中出，并在这类群中多次独立演化出来。