Now, side note, even the Laundrie's family attorney is listed in this lawsuit.

现在，顺便说一下，就连劳德里家族的律师也被列为。

That's really helpful to know and will no doubt affect parties' litigation strategy.

知道这一点确实很有帮助，无疑会影响的策略。

They're supposed to apply the law that exists to those litigants and their facts.

他们应将现的法律适用于这些及其实情况。

Former Justice Department official Vinita Gupta said the memo, quote, attacks the very foundations of our legal system by threatening and intimidating litigants who aim to hold our government accountable to the law and the Constitution, she said.

前司法部官员维尼塔·古普塔表示，这份备忘录通过威胁和恐吓那些旨在使政府对法律和宪法负责的，攻击了我国法律体系的根本基础。

Inland county seats often consisted of nothing more than a log courthouse, a prison, and one wretched inn to house judges, lawyers, and litigants during the sessions of the court.

内陆县城通常只有一座木屋法院、一所监狱和一间简陋的客栈，供法官、律师和在开庭期间住。

The second element is that the parties in the second lawsuit have to be the same as the parties in the first lawsuit, or at least in privity with those parties.

第二个要素是， 第二起中的必须与第一起中的相同，或者至少与那些有直接利害关系。

Mack says fixing this one error can save companies and litigants lots of money and save relationships much grief and heartache.

麦客表示，纠正这一错误可以为公司和节省大量资金，并减轻际关系中的许多痛苦和心酸。

Now a lot of times judges will be rude and they'll cut off the litigant, but so what?

很多时候，法官可能会表现得粗鲁，并打断，但这又如何呢？

And what use could there possibly be to having individual litigants like Federico litigate this one-by-one, plaintiff-by-plaintiff?

让像费德里科这样的个别一个个、原告一个一个地进，这有什么用处呢？

It's not the kind of harm federal courts recognize as injury that would give someone standing.

这并不是联邦法院认为构成可损害的伤害，因此无法赋予资格。

Now, this is slightly tricky because she is not technically a party to the proceeding, right?

现在，这有点棘手，因为严格来说她并不是的，对吧？

Even if she's not a party to the proceeding.

即使她不是该的。

Identity of parties refers not only to the named litigants but also to those who stand in sufficiently close relationship to them, such as successors in interest, legal representatives, or those who were adequately represented in the prior action.

身份不仅指明示的，还包括与他们有足够紧密关系的，如利益继承、法定代理或在前一中得到充分代表的。

There are also concerns about unequal access to justice, as resource-constrained litigants may lack the opportunity to present all viable claims in a single action.

也有担忧司法公正的平等获取问题，因为资源有限的可能缺乏机会在一次中提出所有可的主张。

We then looked at the various discovery tools available to litigants, depositions, interrogatories, request for production, and request for admission, and considered how these mechanisms help narrow the issues in a dispute.

接下来， 我们探讨了可用的各种发现工具，包括证言、质询书、证据开示请求和自认请求，并思考了这些机制如何有助于缩小争议焦点。

The purpose of diversity jurisdiction is to protect litigants from potential local bias.

多样性管辖权的目的在于保护免受潜在的地方偏见影响。

Moreover, by discouraging inconsistent or dishonest conduct, estoppel helps to maintain the integrity of the judicial process and prevents litigants from engaging in strategic maneuvering that would lead to inequitable outcomes.

此外， 通过遏制前后矛盾或不诚实的为，禁止反言原则有助于维护司法程序的完整性， 并防止采取可能导致不公平结果的战略性操作。

I hope you now appreciate that the discovery phase is much more than just a formality, it is the engine that drives litigants toward eventual resolution, be it through settlement or trial.

希望你现在能明白， 发现阶段远不止是一个形式，它是推动走向最终解决的引擎，无论是通过和解还是审判。

Courts will consider the procedural protections afforded in the prior case, the party's incentive to litigate, and whether any special circumstances justify an exception.

法院将考量先前案件中提供的程序保障、的动机，以及是否存在特殊情况足以构成例外。

The court reasoned that Congress did not intend for civil rights litigants to have greater access to federal courts than other litigants.

法院认为，国会并未打算让民权比其他更容易进入联邦法院。