What in the world is an affix?

世界上什么是词？

Today we're going to talk about things called affixes.

今天我们要讲的东西叫做词。

And when a morpheme is used like this, it's called an affix.

当一个语素这样使用时，它被称词。

We can use our knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

我们可以运用对词和词根的了解。

Yeah, word formation is basically building or forming new words with the help of affixes.

是的，构词法基本上就是借助词来构建或形新词。

In principle, he devised from within the historical structure, proceeding from the bases or primitive stems, adding suffix or prefix or forming compounds, deciding, or as he would have said, finding out, when the word came into the language.

原则上， 他是在历史结构内部进构思的，从基础或原始词干出发，添加词或形复合词，决定——或者如他所说，发现——这个词何时进入语言。

Efficient readers break words into their affixes or bases.

高效的读者把单词分词或词根。

If an affix, a bound morpheme that cannot serve as a root, precedes other morphemes in a word, it is a prefix, and if it follows other morphemes, it is a suffix.

如果一个词，一个不能作词根的有界语素，在词中位于其他语素之前，它是一个前，如果它跟在其他语素之后，它是一个后。

These tokens can be words like love or are, affixes like dis or eyes, and punctuation like?

这些标记可以是像“爱”或“是”这样的单词，像“dis”或“eyes”这样的词，以及像“？”这样的标点符号。

To this understanding, let us add the idea of an affix.

了这种理解， 让我们添加词的概念。

That means " similar to a fool." And you have probably seen the suffix -like before.

那意味着“类似傻瓜”。你可能之前见过词-like。

This is a suffix that attaches to the end of nouns to make adjectives.

这是一个附加到名词末尾以构形容词的词。

One thing also I find fascinating about word formation is the pronunciation, especially of the suffixes, I think, because if you learn the pronunciation of the individual suffixes, that also helps you

我认， 词形变化中另一个引人入胜的方面是发音，尤其是词的发音，因如果你掌握了各个词的发音，这同样有助于你准确发音某些单词。

So using a prefix or affix, you can go from a dog to a proto-dog or an anti-dog or an astro-dog.

所以使用前或词，你可以从“狗”变“原生狗”、“反狗”或“太空狗”。

Inflectional affixes and derivational affixes are two types of morphological processes used to create new words in a language.

屈折词和派生词是用于在语言中创建新词的两种形态过程。

The affixes attached in this process are therefore inflectional affixes or inflectional morphemes.

因此，这一过程中附加的词是屈折词或屈折语素。

As you can see, one prefix gives us seven advanced words that are often seen in academic contexts.

如你所见，一个词便我们提供了七个常用于学术背景的高级词汇。

In summary, inflectional affixes serve grammatical functions and do not change the core meaning or part of speech of a word, while derivational affixes create new words or change their meaning and part of speech.

总之，屈折词服务于语法功能， 不会改变单词的核心含义或词性，而派生词则创建新词或改变其含义和词性。

This is another very popular prefix on the TOEFL test.

这是托福考试中另一个非常常见的词。

And we have two types of affixes.

我们有两种类型的词。