2.Based on noncoherent DLL and arctan carrier PLL, the curves of tracking errors in general forms are given after a series of computing and simulation.
1.But paleontologists have used some clever statistics to adjust for those inconsistencies, and the latest diversity curve makes it look like there have been eight major mass extinctions rather than five.
2.If you want to make it rigorous you have to be explicit about the error between these approximations and the true thing we care about, the area under this curve.
3.In statistics, pi is used in the equation to calculate the area under a normal distribution curve; which comes in handy for figuring out distributions of standardized test scores, financial models, or margins of error in scientific results.
4.We theoretically predicted and experimentally verified that we could bend these bad power laws down to much better exponentials, where adding a few more data points could reduce your error, rather than ten-xing the amount of data.