Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA.

兴奋性元使用谷酸，抑制性元使用基丁酸。

The distinctive taste comes from the amino acid glutamate.

这种独特的味道来自基酸谷酸。

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要的兴奋性递质为谷酸。

Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors which tell the cell to open up calcium ions channels.

谷酸与NMDA受体结合，使细胞钙离子通道打开。

GAD helps make gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which regulates motor neurons in the brain.

谷酸脱羧酶有助于制造γ-基丁酸（GABA），它调节大脑中的运动元。

Glutamate plays a key role in our digestion, muscle function, and immune system.

谷酸对人体消化和肌肉功能以及免疫系统都至关重要。

One theory is that it's an autoimmune reaction attacking the body's glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein.

一种理论认为这是一种攻击人体谷酸脱羧酶（GAD）蛋白的自身免疫反应。

To this end, they poured a soup of " caged" glutamate over the neuron under examination.

为此，他们在想要测试的元上倾倒“被装起来”的谷酸。

When new information enters your brain, neurons start firing using existing stores of another neurotransmitter called glutamate.

当新的信息进入你的大脑，元就开始利用另一种递质——谷酸酯进行激活。

And, if the glutamic acid residues of gla-containing proteins are not carboxylated, calcium cannot be properly bound.

如果含谷酸残基蛋白没有被羧化，钙就不能被绑定。

To do that, they needed to test how the filopodia responded to glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter.

要做到这一点，他们需要测试树突丝对谷酸的反应，谷酸也就是大脑主要的兴奋性递质。

First, they had to deliver a controlled flow of glutamate to the particular synapse they wanted to test.

首先，他们必须向想要测试的特定突触输送一定量的谷酸。

Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods.

谷酸盐是一种基酸，在所有蛋白质食物中可以找到。

They found that mature pyramidal-neuron protrusions generated electrical activity when exposed to glutamate, as expected.

他们发现，正如预期的那样，成熟的锥体元暴露在谷酸中，其突起会产生电活动。

This actually intensifies that umami sensation by up to 15 times compared with glutamate alone.

与单独使用谷酸盐相比，可以将这种鲜味增强 15 倍。

Turns out it suppresses glutamate transmission and enhances GABA transmission, so you get less excitation and more inhibition.

结果证明它可以抑制谷酸的传递并增强基丁酸的传递，因此兴奋波减少，抑制作用增强。

Around the time of Dr. Kwok's letter, it had been identified as an important part of our brain chemistry.

在郭医生发表信件的代，谷酸被认为是大脑化学的重要组成部分。

Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同，香槟也有游离的谷酸盐和核苷酸，但不足以产生协同增效作用。

Combined with the lack of glutamate, you begin to think very little but with great clarity.

加之缺少谷酸，你思考变少，但思绪更清晰。

And because glutamate sites become less effective, information flow becomes slow, and only the largest signals can make it through.

由于谷酸有效性减小，信息流动变缓，因此只有最强的信号可以通过。