To answer such naysayers a group of physicists at Fermilab have just submitted a paper to Modern Physics Letters A in which they describe how they have built themselves a neutrino-powered telephone.

为了消除类似的质疑，费米实验室的一群物理学家刚向物理学界权威杂Modern Physics Letters A了一篇论文，论文中描述着他们怎样为自己成功定制了利用中微子载波的无线电通信电话。

A satellite ping of her GPS coordinates provided by her carrier would make Laura a digital dot on their computer-screen street maps.

由劳拉的载波供的GPS坐标的卫星声脉冲将使她成为一个小点，出现在他们电脑屏幕上的街道地上。

This circuitry shifts the carrier wave to a higher frequency when it wants to send a 1, or to a lower frequency when it wants to send a 0.

这个电路在发送1时将载波频率调高，发送0时将载波频率调低。

And so he realized that the earth itself was alive with electricity and perhaps could be used as a carrier wave.

于是他意识到地球本身充满了电，并且或许可以作为载波使用。

When network traffic is light, computers can simply wait for silence on the carrier, and then transmit their data.

当网络流量较轻时，计算机可以简单地等待载波上的静默，然数据。

Unfortunately, using a shared carrier has one big drawback.

不幸的是，使用共享载波有一个很大的缺点。

Note that the comparison to a traffic light, which emits one color and then another, is a little inaccurate, because your smartphone's circuitry generates one frequency, called a carrier wave.

需要注意的是， 将蓝牙信号比作通灯，通灯会依次发出不同颜色的光，这种比喻有点不准确， 因为你的智能手机电路只会生成一个频率，称为载波。

When the 1.5 second computer wakes up a moment later, it’ll see the carrier is in use, and will wait for the other computer to finish.

当那台1.5秒唤醒的电脑看到载波正在被使用时，它会等待另一台电脑完成。

With any luck, the computer that waited 1.3 seconds will wake up, find the carrier to be silent, and start transmitting.

如果有运气的话，那台等待了1.3秒的电脑会醒来，发现载波是静默的，然开始。

The general term for this approach is Carrier Sense Multiple Access, or CSMA for short.

这种方法的通用术语是载波侦听多路访问，简称CSMA。

Problem is, the other computer is going to try that too, and other computers on the network that have been waiting for the carrier to go silent will try to jump in during any pause.

问题是，另一台电脑也会尝试这样做，而且网络中其他一直在等待载波静默的电脑会在任何暂停期间试插进来。

The “carrier”, in this case, is any shared transmission medium that carries data – copper wire in the case of ethernet, and the air carrying radio waves for WiFi.

在这种情况下，“载波”是指任何用于数据的共享介质——对于以太网来说是铜线，对于WiFi来说则是承载无线电波的空气。

Many computers can simultaneously sense the carrier, hence the “Sense” and “Multiple Access”, and the rate at which a carrier can transmit data is called its Bandwidth.

许多计算机可以同时检测到载波，因此有“检测”和“多路访问”，载波数据的速度称为带宽。