Since the circulatory system is a closed loop, cardiac output and venous return are equal.

由于循是闭，心输出量和静脉回流血量是相等的。

On average, these patients had hearts pumping out 30% of the optimal volume of blood.

这些患者的心输出量平均为全身血液量的30%。

But it wasn't that the solar output changed.

改变的并不是太阳的输出量。

And the stroke volume is a fraction of the total volume.

每搏输出量只是心室总容积量的一小部分。

The heart rate is pretty intuitive, but the stroke volume's a little tricky.

心率非常直观，但每搏输出量的计算有点棘手。

In this case again the stroke volume is low, but the ejection fraction's normal... how's that?

在这种情下，每搏输出量低，但射血分数显示正常，为什么会这样呢？

In theory, this means that any change in resistance or cardiac output would also change blood pressure.

理论上，这意味着任何阻力或心输出量的变化也会改变血压。

Severe hypoxia leads to high-output cardiac failure and massive hepatosplenomegaly, resulting in edema all over the body, called hydrops fetalis.

重度缺氧会引起高输出量性心力衰竭和巨大肝、脾，进而出现全身性水肿，称为水肿胎儿。

And again, just like with neural controls, these hormonal controls work by changing vessel resistance and cardiac output.

同样，就像神经制一样，这些荷制通过改变血管阻力和心输出量来工作。

So, with a little algebraic rearranging, you can see that blood pressure equals blood flow, or cardiac output, times resistance.

通过一些代数的重新排列，你可以看到血压等于血流量，或者心输出量，乘以阻力。

If we suppose the volume of output to be given, i.e.

如果我们假设输出量是给定的， 即。

When heart rate and stroke volume increase, we see an increase in cardiac output.

当心率和每博输出量增加时，我们发现心输出量增加。

Output has increased thanks to new technology.

输出量由于新技术而增加。

So the mechanism, it is alpha-1 agonist causing vasopressor constriction, beta-1 agonist causing increased cardiac output.

其作用机制是α-1受体激动引起血管收缩，β-1受体激动导致心输出量增加。

Mean arterial pressure is influenced by three main factors, including cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and blood volume.

平均动脉压受三个主要因素影响，包括心输出量，总外周阻力和血容量。

Here we see that the end-systolic volume is closely related to stroke volume.

这里，我们看到收缩末期容积与每博输出量密切相关。

Britain's biggest problem today is not the deficit but stagnant productivity growth that leaves output per hour 2% below its peak in 2008.

如今，英国最大的问题不是赤字，而是生产力的停滞不前使得输出量相较于2008年的峰值正以每小时2%的速率下降。

Therefore, we see that a decreased end-systolic volume indicates an increase in stroke volume.

因此，我们看到收缩末期容积减少，表明每博输出量增加。

Because of this the kidneys get about a quarter of the cardiac output which is blood getting pumped out of the left ventricle.

因此，肾血流量约占心输出量（左心室输出量）的1/4。

As we learned, an increase in cardiac output causes an increased blood pressure, restoring blood pressure back to a normal level.

据我们了解，心输出量的增加会导致血压升高，从而使血压恢复到正常水平。