Very briefly, ketosis occurs when you restrict carbohydrate intake enough and for long enough.

简而言之，当你长时间限制碳水化合物的摄入时，酮症就会发生。

Somewhat similarly, in diabetic ketoacidosis, there are low levels of insulin, and although the exact mechanism is unclear, it reduces the amount of phosphate that cells extract from the blood, causing it again to build up in the blood.

类似地，在糖尿病酮症酸中毒中，胰岛素水平，管确切机制尚不清楚，它使细胞从血液中提取的磷酸盐量降，使磷酸盐再次在血液中积累。

These ketone bodies are important because they can be used by cells for energy, but they also increase the acidity of the blood, which is why it's called keto-acid-osis.

这些酮体很重要，可被细胞用来获取能量，但他也会增加血液酸性，所以才叫作酮症酸中毒。

In 1922 at the University of Toronto, the scientists went to a hospital ward full of diabetic children, most of them comatose and dying from diabetic keto-acidosis.

1922 年，在多伦多大学，科学家去了一间满是糖尿病儿童的医院病房，他中的大多数人昏迷不醒，死于糖尿病酮症酸中毒。

And doctors have regularly smelled acetone on the breath of patients who are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis and used it as a diagnostic.

而医生经常通过闻酮症酸中毒糖尿病患者呼吸中的丙酮作为诊断方法。

Now, it's important to mention that you don't have to be starving to be in ketosis.

现在，有一点很重要，你不必饿着肚子才会有酮症产生。

One really serious complication with type 1 diabetes is called diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA.

1糖尿病有一种很严重的并发症，叫作糖尿病酮症酸中毒，或DKA。

You also have to know a little bit about ketosis because this is one of the goals of the coffee.

你还必须对酮症有一点了解，因为这是咖啡的目标之一（防弹咖啡减肥法会促进脂肪解，产生大量酮体）。

At this point your body enters a state called ketosis as it begins to fast or starve.

在开始禁食或者挨饿的时候，你的身体进入一种叫做酮症的状态。

For this reason, ketosis is popular as a weight loss method, but it has many other benefits including better physical and mental efficiency.

因此，酮症在减肥方法中非常流行，但它还有很多其他的好处，包括有更好的生理和精神效力。

Diabetic ketoacidosis can happen even in people who've already been diagnosed with diabetes and currently have some sort of insulin therapy.

已被诊断出糖尿病并开始接受胰岛素治疗的患者也会产生糖尿病酮症酸中毒。

When you're in ketosis, you have a higher fasting blood leucine level.

当你处于酮症状态时，空腹的血液中亮氨酸水平会更高。

But, when following a protocol designed to get him into ketosis as soon as possible — involving things like 4 hours of brisk walking, he did a ten day fast and apparently lost zero muscle mass.

然而，当遵循设计好的快进入酮症的方案包括快步走之类的活动时，他禁食了十天，而能量没有明显减少。

Another thing that may be contributing to this phenomenon is that you are entering ketosis.

患酮症是有助于这个现象出现的另一件事。

One last factor in Ketosis preserving muscle is leucine.

酮症最后一个储存能量的要素是亮氨酸。

We've got a diabetic ketoacidosis, let's go.

我得了糖尿病酮症酸中毒，走吧。

So I already explained carnivore, but there are a few variations on this theme and it's basically just a super carbohydrate restricted diet designed to keep your body in a state of what's called ketosis.

我已经解释过“食肉饮食”，但在这个主题下还有几种变体，它基本上都是一种极碳水化合物限制的饮食方式，旨在使身体保持在所谓的“酮症”状态。

There's some things that you can drink and take that keep you in a ketosis that will retain your lean body mass without you deteriorating that through this process.

有些饮品和补充剂可以帮助你维持酮症状态，这样就能保留你的瘦体重，而不会在这个过程中导致其退化。

Yeah, I mean, as you're describing that also, it makes me wonder, there's been some really interesting work going on now with ketosis and mental health.

是的，我的意思是， 当你描述这些时，也让我想到， 现在关于酮症和心理健康的研究正在进行一些非常有趣的工作。

I've mentioned DKA a few times as a deadly consequence, but I want to walk you through what that looks like.

我多次提到糖尿病酮症酸中毒作为一种致命的后果，但我想带你了解一下它具体是什么样的。