It comes in, gets metabolized down to pyruvate and enters the mitochondria.

它进入人体，被新陈代谢成丙酮酸，然后进入线粒体。

What doesn't go to glycogen gets metabolized down to pyruvate.

没去变成糖原的部分，会被代谢成丙酮酸。

And pyruvate dehydrogenase is the connection between those two.

丙酮酸是连系两者的纽带。

The pyruvate goes through the TCA cycle, produces a bunch of citrate, and that gets converted down to VLDL.

丙酮酸经过三羧酸循环，产生一堆柠檬酸盐，并且被转换成 VLDL。

Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl pyruvate may cost less to manufacture than DEET, the most effective chemical treatment now in use.

Anandasankar Ray说基于丙酮酸乙酯的一种产品的制造成本可能低于避蚊胺（DEET），后者是目前最有效的法。

In general though, that's the only sweet thing about this illness, which also causes nausea, vomiting, and if severe, mental status changes and acute cerebral edema.

恐怕也是该病唯一的“甜头”了，酮酸还会造成头晕、呕吐，严重的话，会造成精神状态改变与急性脑水肿。

Individuals will also have a high anion gap, which reflects a large difference in the unmeasured negative and positive ions in the serum, largely due to this build up of ketoacids.

患者也会有阴离子间隙偏高，指的是血浆中未测定的阴阳离子浓度差值高，主要原因是酮酸的积累。

Beta hydroxybutyric acid on the other hand, even though it's still one of the ketone bodies, isn't technically a ketoacid since its ketone group has been reduced to a hydroxyl group.

而β-羟基丁酸虽说也是酮体，但却不是酮酸，因为它的酮基团被还原成了羟基。

We convert glucose to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis, and then we convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which then gets burned, gets oxidized for energy, to produce energy through the krebs cycle.

通过糖酵解过程将葡萄糖转为内酮酸盐，人体接着将丙酮酸盐转换成乙酷辅 A，后者紧接着被氧，最后再通过克氏循环转换成能量。

After that happens, the liver turns the fatty acids into ketone bodies, like acetoacetic acid and beta hydroxybutyric acid; acetoacetic acid is a ketoacid because it has a ketone group and a carboxylic acid group.

此后，肝把脂肪酸转成酮体，比如乙酰乙酸、β-羟基丁酸；乙酰乙酸是一种酮酸，因为它有酮基团和羧酸基团。

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria, Mitochondria is like the coal furnace of your cell because it converts the Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA, then burns that in the TCA cycle to produce a bunch of energy in the form of ATP.

丙酮酸进入线粒体，线粒体就像是你的细胞的锅炉，它把丙酮酸转换成乙酰辅 A，然后在三梭循环中把它烧掉，以 ATP 的形式来产生一些能量。