To protect the pancreas, the acinar cells manufacture inactive forms of the enzymes called proenzymes, or zymogens.

为了保护腺，腺泡细胞会产生这些酶的无活性形式，称为“酶原”。

Factor Xa, with Factor Va as a cofactor, turns factor II (also called prothrombin) into factor IIa or thrombin.

活性Xa和作为辅的VaII（凝血酶原）转变为IIa（凝血酶）。

Zymogen granules might fuse with lysosomes bringing trypsinogen into contact with lysosomal digestive enzymes.

酶原颗粒可能会和溶酶体融合，使酶原与溶酶体消化酶接触。

There's a good chance we can bust the clot with T.P.A.

施以组织纤溶酶原激活物 治血栓希望很大。

These zymogens are normally activated by proteases which cleave off a polypeptide chain, which is kind of like pulling the pin on a grenade.

这些酶原通过酶被激活，酶会一条多链切去，这有点像拉手榴弹的保险栓。

TPA—sometimes known as " the clot buster medicine" —works by dissolving the blood clot and allowing blood to flow back through the previously blocked vessel.

TPA（组织纤溶酶原激活物），也被称作是“血块破坏者”，通过溶解血凝块起效，使血流通过之前堵塞的血管。

To digest a meal, these zymogens are released into the pancreatic duct, and delivered to the small intestine where they are activated by the protease trypsin.

当消化食物时，这些酶原被释放入管，然后进入小肠，在那里它们被酶激活。

With alcohol abuse it goes like this: alcohol increases zymogen secretion from acinar cells while decreasing fluid and bicarbonate production from the ductal epithelial cells.

酒精滥用是这样引发急性腺炎的：酒精增加腺泡细胞分泌酶原，同时让管上皮细胞减少生成水和碳酸氢盐。

There is also a prolonged prothrombin (or PT) time, as well as prolonged partial thromboplastin time (or PTT), both of which reflect having lower levels of circulating coagulation factors.

凝血酶原（PT）时间和部分凝血活酶（PTT）时间均会延长，两者都反映出血液循环中低水平的凝血。

Finally, an elevated or prolonged prothrombin time, which is the time it takes your blood to clot, is a typical lab finding in more severe cases.

最终，凝血酶原时间延长，即血液凝固的时间，也是更严重自免肝病例的典型实验室指标。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

血友病A和B的诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括血小板计数（一般正常）、凝血酶原时间（PT），以及部分凝血活酶时间（PTT）。

The first line of treatment is an intravenous medication called tissue plasminogen activator, which can break up the blood clot and allow blood to flow again in the compromised artery.

治疗的首选是静脉注射一种名为组织型纤溶酶原激活剂的药物，它能够溶解血块， 使受影响的动脉恢复血液流动。

For additional security, the zymogens are kept away from sensitive tissues in storage vesicles called zymogen granules, and are packaged with protease inhibitors that prevent enzymes from doing damage if they become prematurely active.

另外也是为了安全性，这些酶原被安置在存储小泡中（称为“酶原颗粒”）以远离敏感组织，并与酶抑制剂一同包装，以防止它们被提前激活造成损伤。

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, and other substances. The four major plasma proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

血浆是血液的液体部分，由水，溶解的质，糖，盐，激素和其他物质组成。四种主要的血浆是，球，纤维原和凝血酶原。

If tissue plasminogen activator cannot be given because the patient is on certain medications, has history of major bleeding, or the clot is particularly large, doctors can perform a procedure called an endovascular thrombectomy.

若患者服用特定药物、有重大出血史或血栓特别大而无法使用组织型纤溶酶原激活剂，医生可施行一种名为血管内血栓切除术的手术。

When the pancreatic acinar cells are damaged or the the pancreatic ducts are blocked, often because of alcohol abuse or gallstones, the inactive zymogens that the pancreas produces can be prematurely converted to active digestive enzymes.

通常由酒精滥用或胆结石导致的腺腺泡细胞受损或管阻塞时，腺产生的无活性酶原可被过早转化为活性消化酶。